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Comprehensive illustration of the improvement of soil conditions and rice production through paddy-upland rotations for sustainable agricultural development
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106453
Pengfei Hao, Baogang Lin, Kaige Yi, Bowen Xue, Shuijin Hua
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106453
Pengfei Hao, Baogang Lin, Kaige Yi, Bowen Xue, Shuijin Hua
Paddy-upland rotations are promising methods to improve land utilization and grain production and play crucial roles in sustainable agricultural development. However, their effects on soil conditions, rice development, and economic benefits have not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of 7 years (2016–2022) of continuous rotation of rice fallow (R-F), rice-rapeseed transplanting (R-tRS), rice-wheat (R-W), and rice-rapeseed direct seeding (R-dRS) on: 1) rice production; 2) key enzymes and genes related to grain starch biosynthesis during the filling stages; 3) paddy soil physiochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and microbes; and 4) annual economic benefits. Our results showed that 7 years of continuous rotations, especially rice-rapeseed rotations, helped improve soil quality by increasing the organic matter, total nitrogen content, soil sucrase, phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase, and cellulase, and inhibiting the decrease in pH, available nitrogen, and phosphorous contents. Benefitted by the improved soil conditions, R-dRS showed the highest rice yield of 7800.3 kg·ha−1 , revealing increases of 14.3, 4.8, and 6.3 % compared with R-F, R-tRS, and R-W, respectively, mainly owing to the increase of effective panicle numbers. Moreover, the grain starch contents also increased owing to the increase of starch-biosynthesis-related enzymes activities and gene expression in the filling stages; consequently, R-dRS resulted in the most gross margins of 1676.5 dollars·ha−1 , with increases of 74.9 %, 14.9 %, and 19.7 % compared with R-F, R-tRS, and R-W. Furthermore, key microbes closely related to soil properties and traits of rice yield were identified using the liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) and Mantel methods after bacterial 16S and fungal ITS sequencing. In conclusion, we validated the advantages of paddy-upland rotation, especially R-dRS, in terms of soil improvement, plant growth, and economic benefits. The longitudinal variation trends of annual soil physiochemical properties, key microbes, and the influence of improved soil conditions on rice grain filling were identified, providing a theoretical basis for food security and sustainability.
中文翻译:
通过稻田-旱地轮作促进农业可持续发展,改善土壤条件和水稻生产
稻田-旱地轮作是提高土地利用率和粮食生产的有前途的方法,在农业可持续发展中发挥着关键作用。然而,它们对土壤条件、水稻发育和经济效益的影响尚未得到系统研究。在本研究中,我们调查了连续轮作 7 年(2016-2022 年)水稻休耕 (R-F)、水稻-油菜籽移栽 (R-tRS)、稻-小麦 (R-W) 和水稻-油菜籽直播 (R-dRS) 对以下方面的影响:1) 水稻生产;2) 灌浆阶段与籽粒淀粉生物合成相关的关键酶和基因;3) 水稻土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和微生物;4) 年度经济效益。结果表明,7 年连续轮作,尤其是水稻-油菜籽轮作,通过增加有机质、全氮含量、土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、脱氢酶和纤维素酶,抑制 pH 值、速效氮和磷含量的降低,有助于改善土壤质量。受惠于土壤条件改良,R-dRS 水稻产量最高,为 7800.3 kg·ha−1,与 R-F、R-tRS 和 R-W 相比分别增加了 14.3%、4.8% 和 6.3%,这主要是由于有效穗数的增加。此外,灌浆期淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因表达的增加也增加了籽粒淀粉含量;因此,R-dRS 的毛利率最高,为 1676.5 美元·ha−1,与 R-F、R-tRS 和 R-W 相比,毛利率分别增长了 74.9 %、14.9 % 和 19.7 %。 此外,在细菌 16S 和真菌 ITS 测序后,使用线性判别分析 (LDA) 效应大小 (LEfSe) 和 Mantel 方法鉴定了与土壤特性和水稻产量性状密切相关的关键微生物。总之,我们验证了水稻-旱地轮作,特别是 R-dRS 在土壤改良、植物生长和经济效益方面的优势。确定了土壤年生理化性质、关键微生物的纵向变化趋势以及改良土壤条件对稻谷灌浆的影响,为粮食安全和可持续性提供了理论依据。
更新日期:2025-01-13
中文翻译:
![](https://scdn.x-mol.com/jcss/images/paperTranslation.png)
通过稻田-旱地轮作促进农业可持续发展,改善土壤条件和水稻生产
稻田-旱地轮作是提高土地利用率和粮食生产的有前途的方法,在农业可持续发展中发挥着关键作用。然而,它们对土壤条件、水稻发育和经济效益的影响尚未得到系统研究。在本研究中,我们调查了连续轮作 7 年(2016-2022 年)水稻休耕 (R-F)、水稻-油菜籽移栽 (R-tRS)、稻-小麦 (R-W) 和水稻-油菜籽直播 (R-dRS) 对以下方面的影响:1) 水稻生产;2) 灌浆阶段与籽粒淀粉生物合成相关的关键酶和基因;3) 水稻土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和微生物;4) 年度经济效益。结果表明,7 年连续轮作,尤其是水稻-油菜籽轮作,通过增加有机质、全氮含量、土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、脱氢酶和纤维素酶,抑制 pH 值、速效氮和磷含量的降低,有助于改善土壤质量。受惠于土壤条件改良,R-dRS 水稻产量最高,为 7800.3 kg·ha−1,与 R-F、R-tRS 和 R-W 相比分别增加了 14.3%、4.8% 和 6.3%,这主要是由于有效穗数的增加。此外,灌浆期淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因表达的增加也增加了籽粒淀粉含量;因此,R-dRS 的毛利率最高,为 1676.5 美元·ha−1,与 R-F、R-tRS 和 R-W 相比,毛利率分别增长了 74.9 %、14.9 % 和 19.7 %。 此外,在细菌 16S 和真菌 ITS 测序后,使用线性判别分析 (LDA) 效应大小 (LEfSe) 和 Mantel 方法鉴定了与土壤特性和水稻产量性状密切相关的关键微生物。总之,我们验证了水稻-旱地轮作,特别是 R-dRS 在土壤改良、植物生长和经济效益方面的优势。确定了土壤年生理化性质、关键微生物的纵向变化趋势以及改良土壤条件对稻谷灌浆的影响,为粮食安全和可持续性提供了理论依据。