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Biocultural Taphonomies and Analysis of an Emerging Terminal Classic (750–900 CE) Maya Deathway
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10816-024-09689-y
Saige Kelmelis, John P. Walden, Kirsten Green Mink, Julie A. Hoggarth, Claire E. Ebert, Carolyn Freiwald, Tia B. Watkins, Victoria S. R. Izzo, Michael Biggie, Amy E. Thompson, Rafael A. Guerra, Christina Warinner, Jaime J. Awe

In bioarchaeology, funerary taphonomy and preservation become part of the biocultural narrative of the dead. We evaluate the role of these factors in reconstructing the identities of those buried in an emerging deathway, the ventrally placed legs flexed (VPLF) burial position, during the Terminal Classic (750–900/1000 CE) period at the Maya polity of Lower Dover in western Belize. The term “VPLF” describes a divergent burial practice which may have resulted from intentional binding prior to burial. In our analysis of VPLF burials (n = 12), we use a two-step process to reconstruct the social identities and potential meaning of the burial pattern: (1) interpretation of the archaeological context based on excavation observations and biogeochemistry and (2) osteological analysis of curated individuals to reconstruct their biological profiles and post-mortem/post-excavation histories. Osteological analyses included age and sex estimation, paleopathological assessment of frailty and trauma, and skeletal modifications from cultural and taphonomic forces. Radiocarbon dating and ceramic analyses were used to date the burials. Stable and radiogenic isotopic analyses were applied to reconstruct diet and mobility for a subset of the VPLF burials. Our results show that individuals were buried in the VPLF position irrespective of age, sex, or social status, consistent with patterns at other Terminal Classic and Postclassic Maya sites, although VPLF interment may have been practiced earlier at Lower Dover. We hypothesize that the appearance of VPLF burials in the Terminal Classic period signified an ideological shift in light of emerging social and environmental pressures in the region.



中文翻译:


生物文化 Taphonomies 和新兴终端经典(公元 750-900 年)玛雅死亡之路的分析



在生物考古学中,葬礼的 taphonomy 和保存成为死者生物文化叙事的一部分。我们评估了这些因素在重建伯利兹西部下多佛尔玛雅政体的末期经典时期(公元 750-900/1000 年)期间埋葬在新兴死亡通道中的人的身份中的作用,即腹侧放腿弯曲 (VPLF) 埋葬位置。术语“VPLF”描述了一种不同的埋葬习俗,这可能是由于埋葬前故意捆绑造成的。在我们对 VPLF 埋葬的分析 (n = 12) 中,我们使用两步过程来重建埋葬模式的社会身份和潜在意义:(1) 根据发掘观察和生物地球化学解释考古背景,以及 (2) 对精选个体进行骨学分析,以重建他们的生物学概况和死后/发掘历史。骨学分析包括年龄和性别估计、虚弱和创伤的古病理学评估以及文化和 taphonomic 力量的骨骼改造。放射性碳测年和陶瓷分析用于确定墓葬的年代。应用稳定和放射同位素分析来重建 VPLF 埋葬子集的饮食和活动能力。我们的结果表明,无论年龄、性别或社会地位如何,个体都以 VPLF 位置埋葬,这与其他 Terminal Classic 和 Postclassic 玛雅遗址的模式一致,尽管 VPLF 安葬可能在下多佛更早进行。我们假设 VPLF 墓葬在 Terminal Classic 时期的出现标志着鉴于该地区新出现的社会和环境压力的意识形态转变。

更新日期:2025-01-18
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