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Optimizing straw return to enhance grain production and approach carbon neutrality in the intensive cropping systems
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106447
Liang Wang, Enli Wang, Guoqing Chen, Xin Qian, Qing Liu, Yingbo Gao, Hui Zhang, Kaichang Liu, Zongxin Li

Straw return into agricultural soil is beneficial to agricultural production and has been widely recommended as a practice to enhance both productivity and soil fertility. However, long-term excessive straw return may be detrimental in intensive and high-yielding cropping systems. Here, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in a wheat-maize (Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) double cropping system to investigate the impacts of various straw return rates on crop productivity and carbon footprint. The soil type of the experimental site is Hapludalf. Our results revealed that during the study period from 2014 to 2017 returning 50 % of the straw from both crops (about 3.8 t C ha−1 input) led to maximum increase in grain yield by 15 % and the maximum efficiency of soil to sequestrate 24 % of carbon contained in returned straw. Returning only 25 % of straw (2.0 t C ha−1 input) maintained the relative balance of soil carbon. 75 % straw return (5.4 t C·ha−1 straw carbon) resulted in the maximum soil carbon sequestration of 0.8 t C ha−1 yr−1 and minimum carbon footprint of 2.4 t CO2-eq ha−1, but more straw return did not produce significant positive benefits. Straw return promoted farmland CO2 emission, which was equivalent to 43 % of the straw carbon input. Each 25 % increase of straw return amount increased the total direct N2O emissions by 0.5 kg N2O ha−1. Our results clearly indicate that the currently and widely practiced straw management i.e. returning all wheat and maize straw, leads to excessive carbon return, causing imbalance of soil carbon and nutrient and reduced crop yield, is therefore not the best options. Returning 50–75 % of crop straw and using the rest as stock feed, will boost crop productivity while maintaining lower carbon footprint. Our approach provides a practical and reliable method to develop a "win-win" strategy for straw management in the double-cropping systems. The optimal straw management will change with time due to changed climate, soil and management conditions,while the approach can be applied to investigate optimal straw management in all systems across environments. Although our study is constrained to short-term observations, the findings provide valuable guidance for the development of mutually beneficial crop straw management strategies and establish a solid foundation for future long-term research in this area.

中文翻译:


优化秸秆还田,提高粮食产量,实现集约化种植系统的碳中和



秸秆还田到农业土壤中有利于农业生产,并被广泛推荐作为提高生产力和土壤肥力的做法。然而,在集约化和高产种植系统中,长期过度的秸秆还田可能是有害的。在这里,我们在小麦-玉米 (Triticum aestivum 和 Zea mays) 双季制系统中进行了一项为期 3 年的田间试验,以研究各种秸秆还田率对作物生产力和碳足迹的影响。实验地点的土壤类型是 Hapludalf。我们的结果表明,在 2014 年至 2017 年的研究期间,从两种作物中返回 50% 的秸秆(约 3.8 t C ha-1 投入)导致谷物产量最大增加 15%,土壤最大效率封存 24% 的碳返回秸秆中所含的碳。仅返回 25 % 的秸秆(2.0 t C ha-1 输入)维持了土壤碳的相对平衡。75% 的秸秆还田(5.4 t C·ha−1 秸秆碳)导致最大的土壤碳固存量为 0.8 t C ha−1 yr−1,最小碳足迹为 2.4 t CO2-eq ha−1,但更多的秸秆还田并没有产生显著的积极效益。秸秆还田促进了农田 CO2 排放,相当于秸秆碳输入的 43 %。秸秆还田量每增加 25%,直接 N2O 总排放量就会增加 0.5 kg N2O ha-1。我们的研究结果清楚地表明,目前和广泛实施的秸秆管理,即退回所有小麦和玉米秸秆,导致过度的碳返回,导致土壤碳和养分失衡,降低作物产量,因此不是最佳选择。返回 50-75% 的作物秸秆并将其余部分用作饲料,将提高作物生产力,同时保持较低的碳足迹。 我们的方法提供了一种实用可靠的方法来为双季作物系统中的秸秆管理制定“双赢”策略。由于气候、土壤和管理条件的变化,最佳秸秆管理会随着时间的推移而变化,而该方法可用于研究不同环境中所有系统中的最佳秸秆管理。尽管我们的研究仅限于短期观察,但研究结果为制定互惠互利的作物秸秆管理策略提供了宝贵的指导,并为该领域未来的长期研究奠定了坚实的基础。
更新日期:2025-01-08
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