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Loading Speed and Intensity in Eccentric Calf Training Impact Acute Changes in Achilles Tendon Thickness and Stiffness: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-30 , DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003638
Lauren Pringels,Dries Pieters,Sarah Van Den Berghe,Erik Witvrouw,Arne Burssens,Luc Vanden Bossche,Evi Wezenbeek
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-30 , DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003638
Lauren Pringels,Dries Pieters,Sarah Van Den Berghe,Erik Witvrouw,Arne Burssens,Luc Vanden Bossche,Evi Wezenbeek
PURPOSE
Eccentric calf training for Achilles tendinopathy shows variable success in athletes. Recent insights suggest a role for tendon fluid flow (exudation or redistribution) during exercise, which explains post-exercise reductions in thickness and increases in stiffness of the tendon. This fluid flow is thought to be beneficial as it may promote tendon remodeling, reduce intratendinous pressure, and alleviate pain. In this perspective, slow, high-load exercises are promoted as they theoretically facilitate tendon fluid flow. However, evidence supporting this assumption is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether loading speed and intensity during eccentric calf training impact acute changes in midportion Achilles tendon thickness and stiffness, reflecting alterations in local tendon fluid content.
METHODS
A randomized, assessor-blinded, crossover trial was conducted with 34 healthy athletes (17 men, 17 women, age: 23.7 ± 6 years). Participants underwent 3 single-leg eccentric heel-drop interventions with 20% additional bodyweight, varying in loading speed (fast: 1 s, slow: 3 s) and loading intensity (low: to plantigrade, high: to maximal dorsiflexion). Achilles tendon anteroposterior diameter (APD), cross-sectional area (CSA), and shear-wave velocity (SWV) were assessed in the midportion region using ultrasonography and shear-wave elastography pre-and immediately post-intervention.
RESULTS
The slow, high-load intervention produced greater immediate reductions in tendon APD and CSA (8.7% and 10.1%), compared to the slow, low-load (4.0% and 4.7%) and fast, high-load (2.9% and 3.4%) interventions (p < 0.001). Moreover, only the slow, high-load intervention increased tendon SWV (52.4%, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide the first evidence that both loading speed and intensity during eccentric calf training impact acute changes in Achilles tendon thickness and stiffness, likely mediated by changes in fluid flow, which could be relevant for tendinopathy rehabilitation.
中文翻译:
离心小腿训练的负重速度和强度会影响跟腱厚度和刚度的急性变化:一项随机交叉试验。
目的 跟腱病的离心小腿训练在运动员中显示出不同的成功率。最近的见解表明,运动过程中肌腱液流动(渗出或再分布)起作用,这解释了运动后肌腱厚度减少和肌腱刚度增加的原因。这种液体流动被认为是有益的,因为它可以促进肌腱重塑、降低肌腱内压并减轻疼痛。从这个角度来看,促进缓慢、高负荷的锻炼,因为它们理论上可以促进肌腱液的流动。然而,缺乏支持这一假设的证据。因此,本研究旨在调查离心小腿训练期间的负重速度和强度是否会影响跟腱中部厚度和刚度的急性变化,反映局部肌腱内容量的变化。方法 对 34 名健康运动员 (17 名男性,17 名女性,年龄:23.7 ± 6 岁) 进行了一项随机、评估员盲法的交叉试验。参与者接受了 3 次单腿离心足跟下垂干预,体重增加 20%,负荷速度(快:1 秒,慢:3 秒)和负荷强度(低:到跖行,高:到最大背屈)。在干预前后使用超声检查和剪切波弹性成像评估中段区域的跟腱前后直径 (APD) 、横截面积 (CSA) 和剪切波速度 (SWV)。结果 与缓慢、低负荷 (4.0% 和 4.7%) 和快速、高负荷 (2.9% 和 3.4%) 干预相比,缓慢、高负荷干预对肌腱 APD 和 CSA (8.7% 和 10.1%) 的即时降低更大 (p < 0.001)。此外,只有缓慢、高负荷的干预增加了肌腱 SWV (52.4%,p < 0.001)。 结论 这些发现提供了第一个证据,即离心小腿训练期间的负重速度和强度都会影响跟腱厚度和刚度的急性变化,这可能是由液体流动的变化介导的,这可能与肌腱病康复有关。
更新日期:2024-12-30
中文翻译:
![](https://scdn.x-mol.com/jcss/images/paperTranslation.png)
离心小腿训练的负重速度和强度会影响跟腱厚度和刚度的急性变化:一项随机交叉试验。
目的 跟腱病的离心小腿训练在运动员中显示出不同的成功率。最近的见解表明,运动过程中肌腱液流动(渗出或再分布)起作用,这解释了运动后肌腱厚度减少和肌腱刚度增加的原因。这种液体流动被认为是有益的,因为它可以促进肌腱重塑、降低肌腱内压并减轻疼痛。从这个角度来看,促进缓慢、高负荷的锻炼,因为它们理论上可以促进肌腱液的流动。然而,缺乏支持这一假设的证据。因此,本研究旨在调查离心小腿训练期间的负重速度和强度是否会影响跟腱中部厚度和刚度的急性变化,反映局部肌腱内容量的变化。方法 对 34 名健康运动员 (17 名男性,17 名女性,年龄:23.7 ± 6 岁) 进行了一项随机、评估员盲法的交叉试验。参与者接受了 3 次单腿离心足跟下垂干预,体重增加 20%,负荷速度(快:1 秒,慢:3 秒)和负荷强度(低:到跖行,高:到最大背屈)。在干预前后使用超声检查和剪切波弹性成像评估中段区域的跟腱前后直径 (APD) 、横截面积 (CSA) 和剪切波速度 (SWV)。结果 与缓慢、低负荷 (4.0% 和 4.7%) 和快速、高负荷 (2.9% 和 3.4%) 干预相比,缓慢、高负荷干预对肌腱 APD 和 CSA (8.7% 和 10.1%) 的即时降低更大 (p < 0.001)。此外,只有缓慢、高负荷的干预增加了肌腱 SWV (52.4%,p < 0.001)。 结论 这些发现提供了第一个证据,即离心小腿训练期间的负重速度和强度都会影响跟腱厚度和刚度的急性变化,这可能是由液体流动的变化介导的,这可能与肌腱病康复有关。