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Consequence and interaction of foaming agent components on soil conditioning of gravel-clay strata for EPB shield tunnelling
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106364
Guixiao Jin, Yao Lu, Jim S. Shiau, Ming Huang, Fengwen Lai, Mengmeng Feng

Soil conditioning of gravel-clay strata using foams for earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnelling is less well understood compared to conditioning for clay or sand strata. This lack of understanding can lead to muck clogging at the cutting wheel and increased wear on cutter tools. To address these issues, this study introduces the response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects of various foaming agent components and their interactions on foam conditioning of gravel-clay strata that are widely distributed in Southeastern China. The controlled variables selected for this study include anionic surfactant sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglycoside, foam stabilizer hollyhock gum, organic dispersant guar gum, and inorganic dispersant sodium tripolyphosphate. The responses evaluated are the foaming agent viscosity, foam volume, foam half-life time, adhesive force, and undrained shear strength. Fifty groups of laboratory tests, including apparent viscosity, Ross-Miles, liquid loss, improved cone pull-out, and vane shear tests, are conducted to characterize these responses. The surface tension measurements and microscopic observations are also performed to interpret foam performance. Ultimately, the optimal ratio of foaming agent components is determined using the desirability approach. The comparison of in-house and commercial foaming agents in both laboratory and in-situ tests, focusing on their conditioning effects on soil properties and tunnelling parameters, highlights the applicability of the proposed RSM models. This study offers new insight into the consequence and interaction of different foaming agent components and serves as a valuable reference for soil conditioning of gravel-clay strata during EPB shield tunnelling.
更新日期:2025-01-10
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