In recent decades, immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has revolutionized cancer treatment and given hope where other cancer therapies have failed. CAR-NK cells are NK cells that have been engineered ex vivo with a CAR on the cell membrane with high specificity for specific target antigens of tumor cells. The impressive results of several studies suggest that CAR-NK cell therapy has significant potential and successful performance in cancer treatment. Despite its effectiveness, CAR-NK cell therapy can have significant challenges when it comes to treating cancer. These challenges include tumor heterogeneity, antigen escape, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limited tissue migration from blood, exhaustion of CAR-NK cells, and inhibition by immunosuppressive checkpoint molecule signaling, etc. In CAR-T cell therapy, the use of combined approaches has shown encouraging outcomes for tumor regression and improved cancer treatment compared to single therapies. Therefore, to overcome these significant challenges in CAR-NK cells, innovative combination therapies of CAR-NK cells with other conventional therapies (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) or other immunotherapies are needed to counteract the above challenges and thereby increase the activity of CAR-NK cells. This review comprehensively discusses various cancer treatment approaches in combination with CAR-NK cell therapy in the hope of providing valuable insights that may improve cancer treatment in the near future.

中文翻译：

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癌症治疗中新兴的新型联合 CAR-NK 细胞疗法：寻找舞伴。


近几十年来，嵌合抗原受体 （CAR） 的免疫疗法彻底改变了癌症治疗，并在其他癌症疗法失败的地方带来了希望。CAR-NK 细胞是经过离体工程改造的 NK 细胞，细胞膜上带有 CAR，对肿瘤细胞的特异性靶抗原具有高度特异性。几项研究的令人印象深刻的结果表明，CAR-NK 细胞疗法在癌症治疗中具有巨大的潜力和成功的表现。尽管 CAR-NK 细胞疗法有效，但在治疗癌症方面可能面临重大挑战。这些挑战包括肿瘤异质性、抗原逃逸、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境、组织从血液中迁移受限、CAR-NK 细胞耗竭以及免疫抑制检查点分子信号传导的抑制等。在 CAR-T 细胞疗法中，与单一疗法相比，使用联合疗法在肿瘤消退和癌症治疗改善方面显示出令人鼓舞的结果。因此，为了克服 CAR-NK 细胞中的这些重大挑战，需要 CAR-NK 细胞与其他常规疗法（例如化疗和放疗）或其他免疫疗法的创新联合疗法来抵消上述挑战，从而提高 CAR-NK 细胞的活性。本综述全面讨论了各种癌症治疗方法联合 CAR-NK 细胞疗法，以期提供有价值的见解，从而在不久的将来改善癌症治疗。