In₂O₃/ZrO₂-based materials are emerging as candidates for the next generation of industrial catalysts for direct methanol synthesis. In this research, such catalysts were additively manufactured into two distinct geometries that exhibit different pressure drops and activity profiles, both among themselves and in comparison to extrudates. The monoliths produced were comprehensively characterized using a range of techniques, including gas sorption, X-ray diffraction, micro X-ray fluorescence, and Raman mapping, to verify their phase and chemical composition. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to simulate the gas flow through these structures, corroborating that the variations in the accessible surface area are the reason for changes in their performance. Furthermore, the postreaction characterization provides some insight into the catalysts’ degradation mechanisms under hydrogen-rich conditions, identifying the migration of indium oxide to the catalyst surface and pore blocking as possible causes of the loss of activity.

中文翻译：

---

增材制造氧化锆负载的氧化铟催化剂及其在直接甲醇合成中的性能


In₂O₃/ZrO₂ 基材料正在成为下一代直接甲醇合成工业催化剂的候选材料。在这项研究中，这种催化剂被增材制造成两种不同的几何形状，它们之间以及与挤出物相比表现出不同的压降和活性曲线。使用一系列技术对制备的巨石进行全面表征，包括气体吸附、X 射线衍射、微 X 射线荧光和拉曼成像，以验证其相和化学成分。计算流体动力学用于模拟通过这些结构的气流，证实可接近表面积的变化是其性能变化的原因。此外，反应后表征为催化剂在富氢条件下的降解机制提供了一些见解，确定了氧化铟向催化剂表面的迁移和孔堵塞是活性丧失的可能原因。