To advance intelligent materials that can perceive local environments and make autonomous decisions, multifunctionality is crucial. This includes power supply, environmental sensing, actuation-induced state changes, and information processing. The distinctive properties of bistable metamaterials—such as inter-well dynamics, snap-through instability, and non-volatility—provide an ideal foundation for multifunctionality. In this study, we introduce modular bistable mechanical metamaterials as a unified platform for piezoelectric self-charging, sensing, and logic operations. The bistable inter-well motion enhances the piezoelectric energy harvesting performances, making it an efficient power module for milliwatt commercial sensors. The snap-through instability is utilized to develop a highly sensitive, self-powered sensing module. Additionally, we outline a design methodology for a reprogrammable mechanical information processing system, using metamaterial power module as voltage current condensers and actuators of smaller-scale computing modules. This system can implement all combinational logic operations, demonstrated through basic logic gates, full adders, and full subtractors reprogrammed from the former. Our design prioritizes scalability and reusability, enabling mass production and flexible assembly. This multifunctional metamaterial, with its modular design and strategic utilization of bistable properties, demonstrates significant potential as a key component in intelligent systems or as an intelligent material itself, thereby advancing the development and deployment of advanced materials.

中文翻译：

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模块化双稳态机械超材料：用于压电自充电、传感和逻辑操作的多功能平台


为了推进能够感知局部环境并做出自主决策的智能材料，多功能性至关重要。这包括电源、环境感应、驱动引起的状态变化和信息处理。双稳态超材料的独特特性（如阱间动力学、突弹跳变不稳定性和非挥发性）为多功能性奠定了理想的基础。在本研究中，我们引入了模块化双稳态机械超材料作为压电自充电、传感和逻辑运算的统一平台。双稳态井间运动增强了压电能量收集性能，使其成为毫瓦商用传感器的高效功率模块。利用突弹跳变不稳定性开发高灵敏度、自供电传感模块。此外，我们概述了一种可重新编程的机械信息处理系统的设计方法，使用超材料功率模块作为较小规模计算模块的电压电流电容器和执行器。该系统可以实现所有组合逻辑操作，通过基本逻辑门、全加器和从前者重新编程的全减法器进行演示。我们的设计优先考虑可扩展性和可重用性，从而实现大规模生产和灵活组装。这种多功能超材料凭借其模块化设计和战略性地利用双稳态特性，显示出作为智能系统中关键部件或作为智能材料本身的巨大潜力，从而推动了先进材料的开发和部署。