Iron oxide particles are getting more and more attention in the modern era due to their significant role in the treatment of wastewater. Here in this study, we deal with a conventional and easy synthetic (co-precipitation) method and Plant mediated synthesis method were used to synthesize Iron oxide series in the presence of iron salts and ammonium hydroxide to stud their thermal and kinetic effect on surface adsorption to remove the crystal violet dye from wastewater sample. In the current study Iron series oxide particles were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). All synthesized Iron series oxide particles are found to be crystalline in nature. Batch adsorption study of crystal violet dye was then conducted using all the synthesized nanoparticles. Thermal and kinetic analyses of the adsorption surfaces of all synthesized iron oxide series particles were optimized based on adsorbate-adsorbent concentration. The optimal conditions for effective removal of organic dyes were determined as 10 g/L adsorbate concentration, pH 9, the temperature of 55 °C, and a contact time of 2 hours. The influence of various factors, including time, concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature, on the percentage removal of crystal violet dye was systematically investigated. Remarkably, magnetite particles exhibited the highest removal. efficiency, achieving 95.7% removal at pH 9 and an adsorbate concentration of 10 g/L. Conversely, maghemite showed a maximum removal of 53.5% at approximately pH 8, while hematite demonstrated a maximum removal of 73.5% at pH ~ 9. Thus, the iron oxide series particles exhibit immense potential as effective candidates for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.

中文翻译：

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合成氧化铁系列以研究其对表面吸附的热和动力学影响


氧化铁颗粒由于其在废水处理中的重要作用，在现代越来越受到关注。在本研究中，我们处理了一种常规且简单的合成（共沉淀）方法，并在铁盐和氢氧化铵存在下使用植物介导的合成方法合成了氧化铁系列，以研究它们对表面吸附的热和动力学影响，以去除废水样品中的结晶紫染料。在本研究中，制备了铁系氧化物颗粒，并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜 （SEM） 和 X 射线衍射 （XRD） 进行了表征。所有合成的铁系氧化物颗粒在自然界中都是结晶的。然后使用所有合成的纳米颗粒对结晶紫染料进行批量吸附研究。根据吸附物-吸附剂浓度优化了所有合成的氧化铁系列颗粒吸附表面的热和动力学分析。确定有效去除有机染料的最佳条件为 10 g/L 吸附物浓度、pH 9、温度 55 °C，接触时间 2 h。系统研究了时间、浓度、吸附剂用量、pH 值和温度等各种因素对结晶紫染料去除百分比的影响。值得注意的是，磁铁矿颗粒的去除率最高。效率，在 pH 9 和 10 g/L 吸附物浓度下实现 95.7% 的去除率。相反，磁赤铁矿在大约 pH 8 时的最大去除率为 53.5%，而赤铁矿在 pH ~ 9 时的最大去除率为 73.5%。 因此，氧化铁系列颗粒作为去除废水中有机染料的有效候选者，显示出巨大的潜力。