One Health seeks to integrate and balance the health of humans, animals, and environmental systems. These three spheres are intricately interconnected through microbiomes, which are universally present and exchange microbes and genes, influencing not only human and animal health but also key environmental, agricultural, and biotechnological processes. Preventing the emergence of pathogens as well as monitoring and controlling the composition of microbiomes through microbial effectors including virulence factors, toxins, antibiotics, non-ribosomal peptides, and viruses holds transformative potential. However, the mechanisms by which these microbial effectors shape microbiomes and their broader functional consequences in relation to host and ecosystem health remain poorly understood to date. Metaproteomics offers a novel methodological framework as it provides insights into microbial dynamics by quantifying microbial biomass composition, metabolic functions and detecting effectors like viruses, antimicrobial resistance proteins, and non-ribosomal peptides. Here, we document the potential of metaproteomics for elucidating microbial effectors and their impact on microbiomes, and discuss their potential for modulating microbiomes to foster desired functions.

中文翻译：

---

“同一个健康”框架中的宏蛋白质组学，用于揭示微生物组中的微生物效应子


One Health 寻求整合和平衡人类、动物和环境系统的健康。这三个领域通过微生物组错综复杂地相互联系，微生物组普遍存在并交换微生物和基因，不仅影响人类和动物健康，还影响关键的环境、农业和生物技术过程。防止病原体的出现以及通过微生物效应物（包括毒力因子、毒素、抗生素、非核糖体肽和病毒）监测和控制微生物组的组成具有变革潜力。然而，迄今为止，这些微生物效应器塑造微生物组的机制及其与宿主和生态系统健康相关的更广泛功能影响仍然知之甚少。宏蛋白质组学提供了一种新的方法框架，因为它通过量化微生物生物量组成、代谢功能和检测病毒、抗菌素耐药蛋白和非核糖体肽等效应物来深入了解微生物动力学。在这里，我们记录了宏蛋白质组学在阐明微生物效应子及其对微生物组的影响方面的潜力，并讨论了它们调节微生物组以促进所需功能的潜力。