When Giuseppe Garibaldi set sail for Sicily on the campaign that led to the unification of Italy in 1860, he gave a group of exiled political radicals living in the port city of Genoa the task of procuring weapons, equipment and reinforcements for his expedition. These exiled veterans of the 1848 revolutions quickly developed a fluid yet highly integrated fundraising and procurement organization that provided Garibaldi with the means for success. To do this, they leveraged decades of experience as clandestine transnational organizers, but also relied on the business and professional expertise and contacts they had accrued during a commercial and industrial boom in Genoa in the 1850s. Crucially, they took advantage of logistical innovations like steam travel to concentrate people and equipment where and when they needed them and guarantee a positive outcome for their revolution. They also successfully negotiated with trans-imperial power brokers and navigated jurisdictional gaps in the waters of the Mediterranean. These former 48ers used their experiences as exiles and businessmen to challenge the conservative status quo of the 1850s and force the creation of a united Italy. A focus on the material underpinning of their success restores their role in transforming nineteenth-century Europe.

中文翻译：

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船只、枪支和金钱：革命的后勤和 1860 年加里波第的战役


当朱塞佩·加里波第 （Giuseppe Garibaldi） 启航前往西西里岛参加导致 1860 年意大利统一的战役时，他将任务交给了一群生活在港口城市热那亚的流亡政治激进分子，为他的远征采购武器、装备和增援。这些 1848 年革命的流亡老兵很快建立了一个流畅但高度整合的筹款和采购组织，为加里波第提供了成功的手段。为此，他们利用了数十年作为秘密跨国组织者的经验，但也依赖于他们在 1850 年代热那亚商业和工业繁荣期间积累的商业和专业知识以及人脉。至关重要的是，他们利用蒸汽旅行等物流创新，将人员和设备集中在需要的地方和设备，并保证他们的革命取得积极成果。他们还成功地与跨帝国权力掮客谈判，并填补了地中海水域的管辖权差距。这些前 48 人利用他们作为流亡者和商人的经历挑战了 1850 年代的保守现状，并迫使建立了一个统一的意大利。对他们成功的物质基础的关注恢复了他们在改变 19 世纪欧洲中的作用。