Research on the economic assimilation of immigrants and their descendants has disproportionately focused on men. In this study, we examine the life-course employment and earnings trajectories of first- and second-generation women using a restricted-use dataset linking individual respondents of the Current Population Survey (CPS) to their tax earnings records. We compare the age-specific probability of employment and annual earnings of women of each immigrant generation by race and ethnicity from early to middle adulthood covering a span of 20 years. We consider alternative explanations for observed disparities including differences in the level of education and the timing and response to childbearing. Our analyses reveal distinct patterns across immigrant generations and ethnoracial groups. We find that first- and second-generation women are assimilating economically at a fast pace although significant ethnoracial differences remain. First-generation Hispanic women in particular experience low employment and earnings growth. Second-generation women have higher employment rates than later-generation Whites and avoid the dip in employment trajectories in early and middle adulthood experienced by the latter group. The higher employment rates of second-generation women cannot be fully explained by differences in educational attainment or the presence of young children.

中文翻译：

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第一代和第二代女性的经济同化：纵向收入记录分析


关于移民及其后代的经济同化的研究不成比例地集中在男性身上。在这项研究中，我们使用将当前人口调查 （CPS） 的个人受访者与其税收记录联系起来的限制使用数据集来检查第一代和第二代女性的终身就业和收入轨迹。我们比较了从成年早期到中期的每一代移民按种族和民族划分的各年龄女性就业概率和年收入，时间跨度为 20 年。我们考虑了对观察到的差异的其他解释，包括教育水平以及对生育的时间和反应的差异。我们的分析揭示了移民世代和种族群体的不同模式。我们发现，第一代和第二代女性正在经济上快速同化，尽管仍然存在显着的种族差异。尤其是第一代西班牙裔女性的就业和收入增长缓慢。第二代女性的就业率高于后来的白人，并避免了后者在成年早期和中期经历的就业轨迹下降。第二代女性的较高就业率不能完全用教育程度的差异或幼儿的存在来解释。