Understanding disparities in the rates at which men and women’s wages grow over the life course is critical to explaining the gender pay gap. Using panel data from 2009 to 2019 for the United Kingdom, we examine how differences in the rates and types of job mobility of men and women—with and without children—influence the evolution of wages. We contrast the rates and wage returns associated with different types of job moves, including moving employer for family reason, moving for wage or career-related reasons, and changing jobs but remaining with the same employer. We find important gender and parenthood differences in the types of mobility experience, with mothers most likely to switch employers for family-related reasons and least likely to move for wage or career reasons, or to change jobs with the same employer. While job changes with the same employer and career related employer changes had large positive wage returns, changing employers for family-related reasons was associated with significant wage losses. We show that differences in job mobility between mothers and other workers are largest for young employees (under 30), the period over which wages also grow most rapidly in response to career related external, or internal, job moves. These mobility differences play an important role in explaining the rapid growth in the motherhood wage gap in the years after birth.

中文翻译：

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英国工作流动性和薪酬进展的性别和父母身份差异


了解男性和女性工资在生命历程中增长率的差异对于解释性别薪酬差距至关重要。使用 2009 年至 2019 年英国的面板数据，我们研究了男性和女性（有孩子和无孩子）的工作流动性和类型的差异如何影响工资的演变。我们对比了与不同类型工作变动相关的费率和工资回报，包括因家庭原因换雇主、因工资或职业相关原因换家，以及换工作但仍然留在同一雇主处。我们发现，在出行经历的类型中，性别和父母身份存在重要差异，母亲最有可能因为家庭相关原因而换雇主，而最不可能因为工资或职业原因而换工作，或者在同一雇主那里换工作。虽然同一雇主的工作变动和职业相关的雇主变动有很大的正工资回报，但因家庭相关原因而变动雇主与重大工资损失有关。我们表明，年轻员工（30 岁以下）的母亲和其他工人之间的工作流动性差异最大，在此期间，工资也因与职业相关的外部或内部工作变动而增长最快。这些流动性差异在解释产后几年内母亲工资差距的快速增长方面发挥了重要作用。