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Implementation of Red Ochre in Sinopia: Non-invasive characterization of the invisible frescos beneath Roman and Byzantine mosaics in Judea
Journal of Archaeological Science ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106146
Yotam Asscher, Giulia Ricci, Michela Reato, Abraham Leviant, Ilana Peters, Jacques Neguer, Mark Avrahami, Gilberto Artioli
Journal of Archaeological Science ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106146
Yotam Asscher, Giulia Ricci, Michela Reato, Abraham Leviant, Ilana Peters, Jacques Neguer, Mark Avrahami, Gilberto Artioli
Preparatory drawings in mortars have guided mosaicists in the placement of colored tesserae, as a form of blueprint for the style and content of the mosaic. These drawings are made by implementing pigments in the substrate mortars, following the fresco technique, and are commonly known as sinopia . This study analyzes the data from non-invasive techniques applied on red and pink sinopia that was found below Roman and Byzantine mosaics in Judea. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics show hematite as the main chromophore, with different implementation of the red ochre in lime to achieve pink colors. The shift from red to pink colors is quantified using non-invasive portable reflectance spectroscopy, showing a reduction in the red colorimetric values, which is correlated to lower Fe/Ca values as determined by a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Diffraction and electron microscopy support the notion that the artisans added an additional layer of lime plaster on top of the red ochre, about 200 μm thick, to lighten the hue from red to pink. This research underscores the importance of studying sinopia beneath floor mosaics to understand pigments and techniques, contributing to the understanding of how red ochre attenuates through lime mortars.
中文翻译:
红赭石在 Sinopia 的实施:犹太罗马和拜占庭马赛克下不可见壁画的非侵入性特征
砂浆中的准备图纸指导马赛克画家放置彩色镶嵌物,作为马赛克风格和内容的一种蓝图形式。这些图纸是通过在基材砂浆中加入颜料,遵循壁画技术制成的,通常被称为 sinopia。本研究分析了在犹太罗马和拜占庭马赛克下方发现的红色和粉红色 Sinopia 的非侵入性技术数据。矿物学和化学特性显示赤铁矿为主要发色团,红赭石在石灰中的实现方式不同,以获得粉红色。使用非侵入性便携式反射光谱法对从红色到粉红色的转变进行量化,显示红色比色值的减少,这与便携式 X 射线荧光光谱仪测定的较低 Fe/Ca 值相关。衍射和电子显微镜支持这样一种观点,即工匠们在红赭石上添加了一层额外的石灰石膏,厚度约为 200 μm,以使色调从红色变浅为粉红色。这项研究强调了研究地板马赛克下的 sinopia 以了解颜料和技术的重要性,有助于了解红赭石如何通过石灰砂浆衰减。
更新日期:2024-12-24
中文翻译:
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红赭石在 Sinopia 的实施:犹太罗马和拜占庭马赛克下不可见壁画的非侵入性特征
砂浆中的准备图纸指导马赛克画家放置彩色镶嵌物,作为马赛克风格和内容的一种蓝图形式。这些图纸是通过在基材砂浆中加入颜料,遵循壁画技术制成的,通常被称为 sinopia。本研究分析了在犹太罗马和拜占庭马赛克下方发现的红色和粉红色 Sinopia 的非侵入性技术数据。矿物学和化学特性显示赤铁矿为主要发色团,红赭石在石灰中的实现方式不同,以获得粉红色。使用非侵入性便携式反射光谱法对从红色到粉红色的转变进行量化,显示红色比色值的减少,这与便携式 X 射线荧光光谱仪测定的较低 Fe/Ca 值相关。衍射和电子显微镜支持这样一种观点,即工匠们在红赭石上添加了一层额外的石灰石膏,厚度约为 200 μm,以使色调从红色变浅为粉红色。这项研究强调了研究地板马赛克下的 sinopia 以了解颜料和技术的重要性,有助于了解红赭石如何通过石灰砂浆衰减。