Belonging is a fundamental human experience that plays a critical role in shaping individuals' connections to their communities. Establishing a sense of belonging to a destination society can be particularly challenging for older migrants. Neighbourhood factors and the broader regional context may influence one's sense of belonging to various communities. However, research exploring how neighbourhood‐level factors relate to different types of belonging remains limited. Using data from a population‐based study on older Russian‐speaking migrants in Finland (n = 1082, 57% men and 43% women; mean age 63.2 years, 36% response rate) and a postal code area database (3036 postal codes on mainland Finland, with an average of 1802 residents and an average area of 112 km2), we examined various types of belonging among Russian‐speaking migrants aged 50 years or older and how both individual and neighbourhood‐level factors were associated with the types of belonging. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) was employed to study types of belonging, and multilevel regression analysis was used to examine associations between the types and neighbourhood and individual factors that were identified. Three types of belonging were identified: belonging to the majority population, that is, ‘Finns’; belonging to Ingrian Finns; and belonging to Russian speakers. In neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of Russian speakers, belonging to Finns was weaker. Moreover, significant differences in belonging to Russian speakers were observed across regions of Finland. Thus, in regions located near the Finnish–Russian border, belonging to Russian speakers was stronger. Although neighbourhood characteristics were not associated with belonging to Ingrian Finns, individual‐level factors, such as being older, receiving income support, and having lower education levels were associated with this type of belonging. Additionally, good command of the local language contributed to belonging to Finns and weakened belonging to Russian speakers.

中文翻译：

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邻里环境中的迁移和多样化物品：芬兰讲俄语的老年移民的基于人群的研究


归属感是人类的一种基本体验，在塑造个人与社区的联系方面发挥着关键作用。对于老年移民来说，建立对目的地社会的归属感可能特别具有挑战性。邻里因素和更广泛的区域环境可能会影响一个人对不同社区的归属感。然而，探索社区层面因素与不同类型归属感的关系的研究仍然有限。使用对芬兰讲俄语的老年移民（n = 1082,57% 男性和 43% 女性;平均年龄 63.2 岁，36% 回复率）和邮政编码区域数据库（芬兰大陆的 3036 个邮政编码，平均 1802 名居民，平均面积为 112 km2）的数据，我们研究了 50 岁或以上讲俄语的移民的各种归属类型，以及个人和社区层面的归属感因素与归属类型相关。分类主成分分析 （CATPCA） 用于研究归属类型，并使用多级回归分析来检查类型与邻里之间的关联以及已确定的单个因素。确定了三种类型的归属感：属于大多数人口，即“芬兰人”;属于英格里亚芬兰人;属于讲俄语的人。在讲俄语的人口比例较高的社区，芬兰人的归属感较弱。此外，在芬兰各地区观察到讲俄语的人的归属感存在显著差异。因此，在靠近芬兰-俄罗斯边境的地区，讲俄语的人更强。 尽管邻里特征与英格里亚芬兰人的归属感无关，但个人层面的因素，如年龄较大、接受收入支持和受教育程度较低，与这种类型的归属感有关。此外，对当地语言的良好掌握有助于归属于芬兰人，而削弱了对讲俄语的人的归属感。