In this paper, we review the theoretical studies of the electromagnetic and other non-seismic phenomena accompanying earthquakes. This field of geophysical research is at the interception of several sciences: electrodynamics, solid-state physics, fracture mechanics, seismology, acoustic-gravity waves, magnetohydrodynamics, ionospheric plasma, etc. In order to make physics of these phenomena as transparent as possible, we use a simplified way of deriving some theoretical results and restrict our analysis to order-of-magnitude estimates. The main emphasis is on those theoretical models which give not only a qualitative, but also a quantitative, description of the observed phenomena. After some introductory material, the review is begun with an analysis of the causes of local changes in the rock conductivity occasionally observed before earthquake occurrence. The mechanisms of electrical conductivity in dry and wet rocks, including the electrokinetic effect, are discussed here. In the next section, the theories explaining the generation of low-frequency electromagnetic perturbations resulting from the rock fracture are covered. Two possible mechanisms of the coseismic electromagnetic response to the propagation of seismic waves are studied theoretically. Hereafter, we deal with atmospheric phenomena, which can be related to seismic events. Here we discuss models describing the effect of pre-seismic changes in radon activity on atmospheric conductivity and examine hypotheses explaining abnormal changes in the atmospheric electric field and in infrared radiation from the Earth, which are occasionally observed on Earth and from space over seismically active regions. In the next section, we review several physical mechanisms of ionospheric perturbations associated with seismic activity. Among them are acoustic-gravity waves resulting from the propagation of seismic waves and tsunamis and ionospheric perturbations caused by vertical acoustic resonance in the atmosphere. In the remainder of this paper, we discuss whether variations in radon activity and vertical seismogenic currents in the atmosphere can affect the ionosphere.

在本文中，我们回顾了伴随地震的电磁和其他非地震现象的理论研究。地球物理研究的这一领域与几门科学交织在一起：电动力学、固体物理学、断裂力学、地震学、声引力波、磁流体动力学、电离层等离子体等。为了使这些现象的物理学尽可能透明，我们使用一种简化的方式来得出一些理论结果，并将我们的分析限制在数量级的估计中。主要强调的是那些理论模型，这些模型不仅对观察到的现象进行定性描述，而且对观察到的现象进行定量描述。在一些介绍性材料之后，回顾开始分析地震发生前偶尔观察到的岩石电导率局部变化的原因。本文讨论了干岩石和湿岩石中的导电机制，包括电动效应。在下一节中，将介绍解释岩石断裂产生的低频电磁扰动的理论。从理论上研究了同震电磁响应对地震波传播的两种可能机制。此后，我们将处理可能与地震事件相关的大气现象。在这里，我们讨论了描述氡活动地震前变化对大气电导率影响的模型，并研究了解释大气电场和地球红外辐射异常变化的假设，这些变化偶尔会在地球和地震活跃地区的太空中观察到。 在下一节中，我们回顾了与地震活动相关的电离层扰动的几种物理机制。其中包括地震波和海啸传播产生的声引力波，以及大气中垂直声共振引起的电离层扰动。在本文的其余部分，我们讨论了大气中氡活动和垂直成地震流的变化是否会影响电离层。