Incorporating the green manure (GM) approach in agroecosystems enhances phosphorus (P) availability and reduces mineral P-fertilizer input. Despite global promotion, a comprehensive global synthesis of the GM effect on soil P fractions is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of 48 published studies to evaluate the impact of climatic, edaphic, and agronomic variables on soil P fractions, enzyme activities, subsequent crop yield, and P uptake under a GM cropping system. Overall, GMs significantly increased the labile P fraction (n = 592) by 18 % compared with fallow management. Non-leguminous GMs showed a 21 % increase in labile P, resulting in an 18 % increase in subsequent crop yield and a 30 % increase in subsequent crop P uptake compared with fallow. Leguminous GMs stimulated soil enzyme activities, elevating acid phosphatase (ACP) by 40 % and β-glucosidase by 182 % compared with fallow. Compared to no-till (NT), GMs under conventional tillage (CT) significantly increased soil enzyme activities, including ACP, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), β-glucosidase, as well as subsequent crop yield, and P uptake. Long-term GM incorporation (5–10 yrs) significantly reduced moderately labile P by 25 %, leading to increased labile P fraction. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between labile P and soil organic carbon (SOC), but a negative with mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT). These findings suggest that incorporating GMs into a CT management system can potentially accelerate soil P cycling by promoting soil enzyme activities, enhancing subsequent crop production, and providing an alternative approach to reducing mineral P-fertilizer dependency. This approach exemplifies sustainable food production practices and underscores the significance of GMs for long-term agricultural resilience and soil health worldwide.

中文翻译：

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非豆科植物绿肥改善农业生态系统中不稳定的磷可用性和作物产量：一项全球荟萃分析


在农业生态系统中纳入绿肥 （GM） 方法可以提高磷 （P） 的可用性并减少矿物 P 肥料的输入。尽管在全球范围内进行了推广，但缺乏对 GM 对土壤 P 组分影响的全面全球综合。为了解决这一差距，我们对 48 项已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析，以评估气候、教育和农艺变量对转基因种植系统下土壤 P 组分、酶活性、后续作物产量和 P 吸收的影响。总体而言，与休耕管理相比，转基因生物显着增加了 18% 的不稳定 P 分数 （n = 592）。非豆科转基因作物的不稳定磷含量增加了 21%，与休耕相比，后续作物产量增加了 18%，后续作物磷吸收量增加了 30%。豆科植物转基因刺激土壤酶活性，与休耕相比，酸性磷酸酶 （ACP） 升高 40%，β-葡萄糖苷酶升高 182%。与免耕 （NT） 相比，常规耕作 （CT） 下的 GM 显着提高了土壤酶活性，包括 ACP、碱性磷酸酶 （ALP）、β-葡萄糖苷酶，以及随后的作物产量和磷吸收。长期 GM 掺入（5-10 岁）显着降低了 25% 的中等不稳定 P，导致不稳定 P 分数增加。线性回归分析表明，不稳定 P 与土壤有机碳 （SOC） 呈正相关，但与年平均降水量 （MAP） 和年平均温度 （MAT） 呈负相关。这些发现表明，将转基因纳入 CT 管理系统可以通过促进土壤酶活性、提高后续作物产量并提供减少矿物磷肥依赖的替代方法来潜在地加速土壤磷循环。 这种方法是可持续食品生产实践的例证，并强调了转基因作物对全球长期农业韧性和土壤健康的重要性。