Aims

Fertilization significantly impacts soil chemical and microbial properties, ultimately influencing soil productivity and crop yield. However, the effects of long-term (40 years) fertilization strategies on soil microbial communities in crop-rotation systems are not well understood.

Methods

This study examines changes in soil chemical properties, microbial communities, and faba bean yield under different chemical and organic fertilization treatments. Nine treatments were tested: a control (CK), nitrogen alone (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), NPK, organic fertilizer (M), MN, MNP, and MNPK.

Results

Results showed that organic fertilizer treatments significantly enhanced soil organic matter, nutrient content, and faba bean yield. The increase in soil fertility and faba bean yield was positively correlated with bacterial and fungal alpha diversity. Different fertilization practices also altered microbial community composition, forming three distinct groups: CK and chemical fertilization treatments were clustered closer, while organic fertilizer-added treatments were obviously separated from them. Soil total carbon and nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus were key factors influencing microbial community structures. Four keystones were identified: g_MND1, o_Rokubacteriales, g_UTCFX1, and f_SC-I-84, all of which belong to bacteria, playing a crucial role in soil carbon and nitrogen transformation.

Conclusions

This study highlights the prominent role of organic fertilizer in enhancing soil fertility, crop yield and microbial diversity, contributing to the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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长期有机施肥改变了土壤微生物群落结构及其对六季轮作系统中蚕豆生产的影响

 目标

施肥会显著影响土壤的化学和微生物特性，最终影响土壤生产力和作物产量。然而，长期（40 年）施肥策略对作物轮作系统中土壤微生物群落的影响尚不清楚。

 方法

本研究研究了不同化学和有机施肥处理下土壤化学性质、微生物群落和蚕豆产量的变化。测试了 9 个处理：对照 （CK）、单独氮 （N）、氮和磷 （NP）、氮和钾 （NK）、NPK、有机肥 （M）、MN、MNP 和 MNPK。

 结果

结果表明，有机肥处理显著提高了土壤有机质、养分含量和蚕豆产量。土壤肥力和蚕豆产量的增加与细菌和真菌 α 多样性呈正相关。不同的施肥方式也改变了微生物群落组成，形成了 3 个不同的类群： CK 和化学施肥处理聚集得更紧密，而有机肥添加处理明显与它们分开。土壤全碳全氮、有机质和速效磷是影响微生物群落结构的关键因素。确定了 4 个关键石：g_MND1、o_Rokubacteriales、g_UTCFX1 和 f_SC-I-84，它们都属于细菌，在土壤碳氮转化中起着至关重要的作用。

 结论

本研究强调了有机肥料在提高土壤肥力、作物产量和微生物多样性方面的突出作用，有助于农业生态系统的生产力和可持续性。