Uncontrolled traumatic hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death. As two main forms of hemostatic materials, however, both sponges and hydrogel adhesives usually fail to control massive hemorrhage due to their respective shortcomings. Hemostatic sponge shows weak tissue adhesion, while the gelation process of hydrogel makes it difficult to seal high‐pressure bleeding wounds. There is an urgent need to develop next‐generation hemostats combining the advantages of sponges and hydrogel adhesives. Herein, a general methodology to prepare novel Fe3+‐laden porous material (Fe3+@GCS) for rapid hemostasis of the high‐pressure and ‌severe hemorrhages is proposed, which is fabricated by loading ferric chloride with ethanol into the catechol‐modified carboxylated gelatin sponge (GCS). Notably, porous Fe3+@GCS can undergo water‐triggered rapid transformation‌ to robust‐adhesive hydrogels. The sealing strength of Fe3+@GCS on wet tissues reaches an astonishing ≈600 mm Hg. Rapid water uptake of Fe3+@GCS around wound not only concentrates blood components but also excludes interfacial water, facilitating blood clotting and wound sealing with the in situ formed sticky hydrogel. Fe3+@GCS can efficiently stop the high‐pressure hemorrhaging from traumatic injuries of arteries and hearts in rats and pigs, respectively, via a simple and short‐time pressing. Furthermore, the wound sealing by Fe3+@GCS promotes wound repair and healing.

中文翻译：

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具有水触发瞬时转化为坚固水凝胶粘合剂的多孔材料，用于高压出血的快速止血


不受控制的创伤性出血是可预防死亡的主要原因。然而，海绵和水凝胶胶粘剂作为止血材料的两种主要形式，由于各自的缺点，通常无法控制大出血。止血海绵的组织粘附性较弱，而水凝胶的凝胶化过程使其难以密封高压出血伤口。迫切需要开发结合海绵和水凝胶粘合剂优点的下一代止血剂。在此，提出了一种制备新型含 Fe3+ 多孔材料 （Fe3+@GCS） 的通用方法，用于高压和严重出血的快速止血，其方法是将氯化铁与乙醇加载到儿茶酚改性的羧化明胶海绵 （GCS） 中。值得注意的是，多孔 Fe3+@GCS 可以经历水触发的快速转变为坚固的粘合水凝胶。Fe3+@GCS 对湿组织的密封强度达到惊人的 ≈600 mm Hg。Fe3+@GCS 在伤口周围快速吸收水分不仅浓缩了血液成分，还排除了界面水，促进了血液凝固和伤口密封，原位形成的粘性水凝胶。Fe3+@GCS 可以通过简单和短时按压，分别有效阻止大鼠和猪动脉和心脏外伤引起的高压出血。此外，Fe3+@GCS 的伤口密封促进伤口修复和愈合。