The properties of macromolecules are intrinsically linked to their chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, and architecture. Variation of these features enables the creation of a vast chemical space capable of accommodating diverse material properties and applications. This review focuses on synthetic methodologies that exploit reaction rates to engineer the architecture of polymers. More specifically, three complementary synthetic strategies were identified: the first strategy is varying the reactivity of the monomers; the second strategy is implementing two simultaneous reactions (orthogonal or competitive); and, the third strategy is implementing reactor engineering principles, where controlling reactor parameters such as monomer concentration, residence time, and flow rate results in different architectures. Finally, this perspective is concluded with a short discussion about the challenges in a posteriori characterizing the architecture of polymers and the benefit of kinetic models to a priori predict the architecture of a polymer.

中文翻译：

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通过反应速率设计聚合物结构


大分子的性质与其化学成分、分子量分布和结构有着内在的联系。这些特性的变化可以创建一个能够容纳各种材料特性和应用的巨大化学空间。本综述重点介绍利用反应速率来设计聚合物结构的合成方法。更具体地说，确定了三种互补的合成策略：第一种策略是改变单体的反应性;第二种策略是实施两个同时反应（正交或竞争）;第三种策略是实施反应器工程原理，其中控制反应器参数（如单体浓度、停留时间和流速）会产生不同的架构。最后，通过简短的讨论来结束这一观点，讨论了后验表征聚合物结构的挑战以及动力学模型对先验预测聚合物结构的好处。