Sprites have been recorded at ∼100,000 frames per second. One hundred and sixty five essentially vertically propagating streamers, 110 downward and 55 upward, have been selected for analysis. The initial velocity increase is exponential as predicted by theory. Growth rates could be determined for 76 downward and 46 upward propagating streamers, and, in individual streamers, they are independent of altitude. The average growth rate increases from 1.6 10³ in C-sprites, to 2.6 10³ in carrots, to 8.4 10³/s in jellyfish sprites. With a streamer model the driving electric field can be derived. Evaluating the field at 70 km altitude, we find fields of 98 (0.45 E_k), 121 (0.56 E_k), and 188 (0.87 E_k) V/m for the 3 sprite types, indicating that jellyfish sprites are the most energetic. High-speed imaging can provide streamer growth rates and combined with a streamer model, the electric fields associated with various sprite features can be investigated.

中文翻译：

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观察到的 Sprite Streamer 增长率


精灵的记录速度约为每秒 100,000 帧。已选择 165 条基本上垂直传播的飘带，其中 110 条向下传播，55 条向上传播。正如理论预测的那样，初始速度增加是指数的。可以确定 76 个向下传播和 46 个向上传播的 streamer 的生长速率，并且在单个 streamer 中，它们与海拔无关。平均生长速率从 C 精灵的 1.6 10³ 增加到胡萝卜的 2.6 10³，再到水母精灵的 8.4 10³/s。使用 streamer 模型，可以推导出驱动电场。评估 70 公里高度的磁场，我们发现 3 种精灵类型的磁场分别为 98 （0.45 E_k）、121 （0.56 E_k） 和 188 （0.87 E_k） V/m，表明水母精灵最具能量。高速成像可以提供 streamer 生长速率，并与 streamer 模型相结合，可以研究与各种 sprite 特征相关的电场。