This study investigates the oxidation of 1,3-butadiene (BD), which is a classified hazardous air pollutant with a high degree of toxicity, over the temperature range of 300–650 °C. The intent in this work is to find an efficient method of destroying toxic, carcinogenic, and unstable BD, which can cause storage problems as well and, in the process, exploring the possibility of its conversion to useful industrial starting materials, such as synthesis gas. BD, being an unsaturated hydrocarbon, is reactive to oxidation with the right combination of heterogeneous catalysts. For this purpose, we investigate the role of Ni- and Cu-based catalysts with different loadings on alumina, niobia, and ceria–niobia combinations to track the yield and selectivity of the obtained products in the temperature range of 300–650 °C. The product selectivity and relative yields were obtained through gas chromatography (GC) combined with mass spectrometry and thermal conductivity detector, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is also used to corroborate the GC results. The main objective of this work was to identify the best catalyst for BD oxidation in the low-mid temperature range. Furthermore, in order to investigate the degree of dispersion, morphology, metal–support interactions, surface areas, pore sizes, and redox capabilities of the catalysts and their potential influence on the oxidation reaction, comprehensive characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectra, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, and hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction were employed. It is seen that 10% copper loading CeO₂ and Nb₂O₅ showed optimal catalytic performance with 100% conversion of butadiene and the highest product selectivity at all temperatures. The findings of this study entail a practical environmental application of oxidation reactions in dealing with toxic compounds as constituents of hydrocarbon emissions from exhaust through efficient heterogeneous catalysis.

中文翻译：

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镍基和铜基催化剂上 1,3-丁二烯的氧化：探索 Ceria 和 Niobia 载体的有效性


本研究调查了 1,3-丁二烯 （BD） 的氧化情况，BD 是一种分类的有害空气污染物，具有高度毒性，在 300-650 °C 的温度范围内。 这项工作的目的是找到一种有效的方法来破坏有毒、致癌和不稳定的 BD，这些 BD 也可能导致储存问题，并在此过程中探索将其转化为有用的工业原料的可能性，例如合成气。BD 是一种不饱和烃，在非均相催化剂的正确组合下对氧化具有反应性。为此，我们研究了具有不同负载量的镍基和铜基催化剂对氧化铝、铈和铈-铈组合的作用，以跟踪在 300-650 °C 温度范围内所得产物的产率和选择性。 通过气相色谱 （GC） 结合质谱和热导检测器获得产物选择性和相对产率，同时也使用傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FTIR） 来证实 GC 结果。这项工作的主要目的是确定中低温度范围内 BD 氧化的最佳催化剂。此外，为了研究催化剂的分散程度、形态、金属-载体相互作用、表面积、孔径和氧化还原能力及其对氧化反应的潜在影响，采用了 X 射线衍射、FTIR、带能量色散光谱的扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附和解吸以及氢程序升温还原等综合表征方法。 可以看出，10% 铜负载的 CeO₂ 和 Nb₂O₅ 显示出最佳的催化性能，丁二烯转化率为 100%，在所有温度下都具有最高的产品选择性。本研究的结果涉及氧化反应在通过高效多相催化处理作为废气碳氢化合物排放成分的有毒化合物的实际环境应用。