Wheat crops (Triticum aestivum) that are conventionally planted may exhibit susceptibility to yellow rust (YR). However, the disease can be mitigated if the crops are planted earlier than the recommended planting time. A wheat screening experiment was carried out at the Borlaug Institute of South Asia located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of the adaptation patterns of early planted wheat. Early planting was found to be more advantageous for production potential, as well as phenology, stature, and physiological traits. In a separate experiment, each year, the same number of genotypes were screened for YR by artificially inoculating them with pathogen spores. The well‐adapted genotypes for early establishment tend to possess a greater vulnerability to YR infection. Furthermore, the infection type score for the genotype selected for early planting showed a significantly greater proportion of S (susceptible) type reactions than for the genotypes adapted to early planting. Intriguingly, more R (resistant) and moderately resistant types of reactions were observed in early‐adapted genotypes than in timely‐adapted ones. Therefore, further concentrated research on YR screening is required to assess the possibility of breeding early sown wheat in the northwest part of the Indo‐Gangetic region.

中文翻译：

---

小麦早播与抗黄锈病之间的权衡——来自印度恒河平原筛选实验的见解


传统种植的小麦作物 （Triticum aestivum） 可能对黄锈病 （YR） 表现出敏感性。但是，如果作物的种植时间早于建议的种植时间，则可以减轻这种疾病。位于印度旁遮普邦卢迪亚纳的南亚博洛格研究所进行了小麦筛选实验。该研究的目的是更深入地了解早播小麦的适应模式。发现早期种植对生产潜力以及物候、身材和生理特性更有利。在一项单独的实验中，每年通过人工接种病原体孢子来筛选相同数量的基因型的 YR。适应早期建立的良好基因型往往更容易受到 YR 感染。此外，选择用于早期种植的基因型的感染类型评分显示 S （易感） 型反应的比例显著高于适应早期种植的基因型。有趣的是，在早期适应的基因型中观察到的反应类型比在及时适应的基因型中观察到更多的 R （耐药） 和中度耐药类型。因此，需要进一步集中研究 YR 筛选，以评估在印度恒河地区西北部培育早播小麦的可能性。