Sodium (Na) metal is regarded as an ideal anode for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, its utilization is still restricted by the notorious dendrites and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Herein, a zinc nanoparticle decorated 2D diamond (diamane) modulated commercial polypropylene (Zn‐diamane/PP) separator is dedicated to mitigating these issues for the longevity of sodium metal anodes. Interestingly, the sodiophilic Zn‐diamane/PP separator significantly accelerates the sodium ion mobilization and promotes a uniform flux, thus effectively preventing dendrite growth and enhancing the stability of the SEI layer. A Na||Na symmetric cell with Zn‐diamane/PP separator demonstrates a prolonged lifespan exceeding 5000 h at 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2. Notably, it sustains stability for >1000 h at an ultra‐high current density at 25 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2. The dendrite‐free deposition morphology and the formation of an inorganic‐rich inner SEI layer have been investigated through comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations analysis. Furthermore, a full cell comprising a Na3V2(PO4)3@C cathode, Zn‐diamane/PP separator, and Na metal anode demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 90 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of Zn‐diamane/PP separator for long‐cycle lifespan SMBs.

中文翻译：

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亲酸性 Zn-Diamane 离子整流层调制聚丙烯隔膜可实现无枝晶钠金属电池


钠 （Na） 金属因其高理论比容量和低电化学电位而被认为是钠金属电池 （SMB） 的理想负极。然而，其利用仍然受到臭名昭著的枝晶和不稳定的固体电解质界面 （SEI） 的限制。在此，锌纳米颗粒装饰的 2D 金刚石 （diamane） 调制商用聚丙烯 （Zn-diamane/PP） 隔膜专门用于缓解这些问题，以延长钠金属阳极的使用寿命。有趣的是，亲酸性 Zn-diamane/PP 隔膜显着加速钠离子动员并促进均匀通量，从而有效防止枝晶生长并增强 SEI 层的稳定性。阿娜||带有 Zn-diamane/PP 隔膜的 Na 对称电池在 1 mA cm-2 和 1 mAh cm-2 下的使用寿命超过 5000 小时。值得注意的是，它在 25 mA cm-2 和 1 mAh cm-2 的超高电流密度下保持 >1000 h 的稳定性。通过全面的表征和理论计算分析，研究了无枝晶沉积形态和富含无机物的内 SEI 层的形成。此外，由 Na3V2（PO4）3@C 阴极、Zn-diamane/PP 隔膜和 Na 金属负极组成的全电池在 500 次循环中表现出 90 mAh g-1 的高可逆容量。这些结果表明了 Zn-diamane/PP 隔膜在长周期寿命 SMB 中的潜力。