Recombinant spidroins offer numerous possibilities for creating new biomaterials. However, their polymorphic and prone to aggregation characteristics present challenges in both their production and practical application. Here, mutant recombinant spidroins are reported forming hydrogels rapidly and controllably at 37 °C and with visible light irradiation. In the mutant spidroins phenylalanine residues (F) are systematically substituted by tyrosine residues (Y) in repeat motifs of (GGX), which contributes to the self‐assembly of β‐sheet and further formation of amyloid‐like nanofibrils. As expected, micellar/globular spidroins solution converts to spidroins hydrogel composed of nanofibrils network and subsequently further crosslinked by di‐tyrosine. The conformation transformation process is verified by spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular dynamics simulation. Furthermore, the spidroin hydrogels are used as bioink and biomimetic cellular scaffolds according to their good biocompatibility, shear thinning properties, and nanofibril network structure. The findings reveal the structural transformation mechanism of spidroins and expand their applications in biomedical engineering.

中文翻译：

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由纳米原纤维组成的快速形成的重组微型 Spidroins 水凝胶，具有可调的机械性能，用于生物 3D 打印和仿生细胞支架


重组 spidroins 为创造新的生物材料提供了许多可能性。然而，它们的多态性和易聚集特性对其生产和实际应用都提出了挑战。在这里，据报道，突变的重组 spidroins 在 37 °C 和可见光照射下快速可控地形成水凝胶。在突变体螺蛋白中，苯丙氨酸残基 （F） 在 （GGX） 的重复基序中被酪氨酸残基 （Y） 系统地取代，这有助于 β 折叠的自组装和淀粉样纳米原纤维的进一步形成。正如预期的那样，胶束/球状 spidroins 溶液转化为由纳米原纤维网络组成的 spidroins 水凝胶，随后通过二酪氨酸进一步交联。构象转换过程通过光谱学、透射电子显微镜 （TEM） 和分子动力学模拟进行验证。此外，spidroin 水凝胶根据其良好的生物相容性、剪切稀化性能和纳米原纤维网络结构，被用作生物墨水和仿生细胞支架。研究结果揭示了 spidroins 的结构转化机制，并扩展了其在生物医学工程中的应用。