The thermal-activated building envelope (TABE) offers potential for zero-energy buildings by leveraging low-grade natural energy and dynamically adapting to environmental changes. This study proposed a systematic performance-oriented design method for TABEs based on multi-objective optimization theory, mainly consisting of six parts: objective function, design variable, physical model, operation strategy, optimization algorithm, and evaluation decision. In addition, a typical TABE with a capillary network was selected for case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. By applying the proposed design method, optimal TABE configurations with capillary networks embedded in the inner plaster layer were obtained. Results show that multi-objective optimization effectively balances various objectives: maximizing annual thermal comfort hours, minimizing the annual heating and cooling loads, optimizing material costs, minimizing embodied carbon emissions, etc. Compared to single-objective optimization, the multi-objective approach achieves a superior balance across multiple criteria. For instance, a design solely optimized for maximizing annual thermal comfort hours or minimizing annual heating and cooling loads resulted in more than twice the material costs and embodied carbon emissions of those obtained through multi-objective optimization. Similarly, single-objective designs targeting lower material costs or embodied carbon emissions underperformed in energy efficiency. Compared to traditional ultra-low energy building envelopes, TABE offers enhanced energy efficiency, and provides at least 26.89% more comfort hours, 57.77% lower material costs, and nearly half the embodied carbon emissions. These results underscore that the proposed performance-oriented design method significantly enhances the overall functionality of TABEs, providing a robust approach for achieving sustainable and balanced building design.

中文翻译：

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基于多目标优化的热激活建筑围护结构性能导向设计方法与应用


热激活建筑围护结构 （TABE） 通过利用低品位自然能源并动态适应环境变化，为零能耗建筑提供了潜力。本研究提出了一种基于多目标优化理论的系统化性能导向的 TABE 设计方法，主要由目标函数、设计变量、物理模型、运行策略、优化算法和评估决策六部分组成。此外，选择具有毛细管网络的典型 TABE 进行案例研究，以证明该方法的有效性。通过应用所提出的设计方法，获得了毛细管网络嵌入内灰泥层的最佳 TABE 构型。结果表明，多目标优化有效地平衡了各种目标：最大化年度热舒适小时数、最小化年度加热和冷却负荷、优化材料成本、最小化隐含碳排放等。与单目标优化相比，多目标方法在多个标准之间实现了卓越的平衡。例如，仅为最大化年度热舒适小时数或最小化年度加热和冷却负荷而优化的设计导致的材料成本和隐含碳排放量是通过多目标优化获得的设计的两倍多。同样，针对较低材料成本或隐含碳排放的单目标设计在能源效率方面表现不佳。与传统的超低能耗建筑围护结构相比，TABE 提供了更高的能源效率，并提供了至少 26.89% 的舒适时间，降低了 57.77% 的材料成本，以及近一半的隐含碳排放量。 这些结果强调，所提出的以性能为导向的设计方法显着增强了 TABE 的整体功能，为实现可持续和平衡的建筑设计提供了一种稳健的方法。