Reconstruction of long‐segment peripheral nerve gaps remains a clinical challenge, as neither autografts nor FDA‐approved nerve conduits achieve satisfactory functional recovery. Conduits filled with native Trichonephila dragline silk show promise for nerve defects exceeding the critical length, but translating natural silk to clinical use has limitations, necessitating research into recombinant silk replica. The search for optimal silk templates is ongoing, with numerous spider species still unexplored. This study aims to compare the ability of four native silk fibers from phylogenetically diverse spider families to support nerve regeneration. The influence of fiber morphology, primary and secondary protein structures, surface charge, chemical composition, and mechanical properties on the initial cell attachment is studied. Results demonstrate that silk collected from Peucetia lucasi do not adequately support Schwann cell adhesion, which is caused by the lack of a lipid layer and the limited fiber wettability. This reduced wettability, governed by the ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids of silk, is particularly relevant when considering the deployment of uncoated artificial silk fibers for neural tissue engineering. This knowledge is crucial for paving the way toward full functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury via implanting advanced synthetic nerve guidance conduits enhanced with luminal silk alternatives.

中文翻译：

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系统发育多样化的蜘蛛丝材料特性及其对细胞粘附影响的整体分析


长段周围神经间隙的重建仍然是一个临床挑战，因为自体移植物和 FDA 批准的神经导管均无法实现令人满意的功能恢复。填充有天然 Trichonephila 拉丝的导管显示出超过临界长度的神经缺陷的前景，但将天然蚕丝转化为临床使用存在局限性，需要研究重组丝复制品。寻找最佳丝绸模板的工作正在进行中，仍有许多蜘蛛物种尚未探索。本研究旨在比较来自系统发育多样化的蜘蛛家族的四种天然丝纤维支持神经再生的能力。研究了纤维形态、初级和次级蛋白质结构、表面电荷、化学成分和机械性能对初始细胞附着的影响。结果表明，从 Peucetia lucasi 收集的丝不能充分支持雪旺细胞粘附，这是由缺乏脂质层和有限的纤维润湿性引起的。这种降低的润湿性由蚕丝的亲水性和疏水性氨基酸的比例控制，在考虑将未涂层人造丝纤维用于神经组织工程时尤为重要。这些知识对于通过植入先进的合成神经引导导管（用管腔丝替代品增强）为周围神经损伤后的全面功能恢复铺平道路至关重要。