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The 12th century bronze doors of Bonanno di Pisa in Monreale and Pisa: Materials and manufacture
Journal of Archaeological Science ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130
M. Mödlinger, M. Bassi, J. Bontadi, M. Fellin, M. Fera, M. Negri, C. Usai, J. Utz, G. Ghiara
Journal of Archaeological Science ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130
M. Mödlinger, M. Bassi, J. Bontadi, M. Fellin, M. Fera, M. Negri, C. Usai, J. Utz, G. Ghiara
Bonanno di Pisa is, next to Barisano di Trani and Oderisius of Benevento, amongst the most renowned mediaeval Italian bronze casters. Bonanno is responsible for the biggest mediaeval metal door, the almost 8 m high main door of the Cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, built in 1185/1186, and the San Ranieri door of the Cathedral of Pisa, Tuscany, finished in 1180. He was also responsible for the Porta Reale (also Cathedral of Pisa; 1179/1180), which was destroyed in the 1595 fire. Contemporary doors made of bronze or brass are rare: from the 12th century, only about 17 doors are still preserved, nevertheless being part of the biggest complex of mediaeval monumental bronzes. In this paper, the chemical composition as well as manufacturing and assembling of the two preserved doors are discussed. Both the Pisa and Monreale doors were made of leaded tin bronze. In the case of Monreale, chemical analysis confirmed the art historical suspicion that the central leaf was not from Bonanno's workshop, as indicated by a different style and chemical composition. We also identified the types of wood used for the wooden elements of the doors, mainly silver fir (Monreale) and elm (Pisa).
中文翻译:
蒙雷阿莱和比萨的 12 世纪比萨博南诺青铜门:材料和制造
Bonanno di Pisa 是继 Barisano di Trani 和 Oderisius of Benevento 之后,最著名的中世纪意大利青铜铸造者之一。Bonanno 负责最大的中世纪金属门,西西里岛蒙雷阿莱大教堂近 8 m 高的正门,建于 1185/1186 年,托斯卡纳比萨大教堂的圣拉涅利门,于 1180 年完工。他还负责设计了在1595年大火中被烧毁的王门(Porta Reale,也是比萨大教堂,1179/1180 年)。由青铜或黄铜制成的现代门很少见:从 12 世纪开始,只有大约 17 扇门仍然被保存下来,但它是最大的中世纪纪念性青铜建筑群的一部分。在本文中,讨论了两扇保存下来的门的化学成分以及制造和组装。比萨门和蒙雷阿莱门都是用含铅锡青铜制成的。就蒙雷阿莱而言,化学分析证实了艺术史上的怀疑,即中央叶子不是来自博南诺的工作室,正如不同的风格和化学成分所表明的那样。我们还确定了用于门木构件的木材类型,主要是银杉 (Monreale) 和榆木 (Pisa)。
更新日期:2024-12-16
中文翻译:
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蒙雷阿莱和比萨的 12 世纪比萨博南诺青铜门:材料和制造
Bonanno di Pisa 是继 Barisano di Trani 和 Oderisius of Benevento 之后,最著名的中世纪意大利青铜铸造者之一。Bonanno 负责最大的中世纪金属门,西西里岛蒙雷阿莱大教堂近 8 m 高的正门,建于 1185/1186 年,托斯卡纳比萨大教堂的圣拉涅利门,于 1180 年完工。他还负责设计了在1595年大火中被烧毁的王门(Porta Reale,也是比萨大教堂,1179/1180 年)。由青铜或黄铜制成的现代门很少见:从 12 世纪开始,只有大约 17 扇门仍然被保存下来,但它是最大的中世纪纪念性青铜建筑群的一部分。在本文中,讨论了两扇保存下来的门的化学成分以及制造和组装。比萨门和蒙雷阿莱门都是用含铅锡青铜制成的。就蒙雷阿莱而言,化学分析证实了艺术史上的怀疑,即中央叶子不是来自博南诺的工作室,正如不同的风格和化学成分所表明的那样。我们还确定了用于门木构件的木材类型,主要是银杉 (Monreale) 和榆木 (Pisa)。