Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have garnered significant attention due to their excellent safety performance, low cost, and high theoretical capacity density. However, the widespread application of zinc batteries is limited by zinc dendrites and capacity degradation. This study uses low-cost ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) as an electrolyte additive to alleviate the formation of zinc dendrites and suppress side reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show that NH₄⁺ and HCO₃⁻ are preferentially adsorbed on the zinc anode, avoiding direct contact between water and zinc inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction. The pH monitoring experiment results show that NH₄⁺ and HCO₃⁻ achieve pH buffering and preferentially contact with water, suppressing side reactions, thus obtaining dendrite-free zinc metal anode. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery containing NH₄HCO₃ electrolyte demonstrated stable operation for 3000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻², and the coulombic efficiency of the Zn||Cu battery remained stable over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻². In addition, the cycle performance of the assembled Zn||V₂O₅ full battery had been improved. This work proposes a low-cost and effective strategy to alter galvanizing/stripping behavior and suppress hydrogen evolution reactions in aqueous solutions of zinc ion batteries.

水系锌离子电池因其优异的安全性能、低成本和高理论容量密度而受到广泛关注。然而，锌电池的广泛应用受到锌枝晶和容量退化的限制。本研究使用低成本的碳酸氢铵 （NH₄HCO₃） 作为电解质添加剂来减轻锌枝晶的形成并抑制副反应。密度泛函理论 （DFT） 计算结果表明，NH₄⁺ 和 HCO₃⁻ 优先吸附在锌阳极上，避免了水和锌的直接接触，抑制了析氢反应。pH 监测实验结果表明，NH₄⁺ 和 HCO₃⁻ 实现 pH 缓冲并优先与水接触，抑制副反应，从而获得无枝晶的锌金属负极。因此，Zn||含有 NH₄HCO₃ 电解质的 Zn 对称电池在 2 mA ^cm-2 的电流密度下稳定运行 3000 小时，并且 Zn||铜电池在 2 mA ^cm-2 和 1 mAh ^cm-2 的电流密度下循环 1000 次保持稳定。此外，组装的 Zn||V₂O₅ 满电池已得到改进。这项工作提出了一种低成本且有效的策略来改变锌离子电池水溶液中的镀锌/剥离行为并抑制析氢反应。