The prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments has become the core of environmental pollution. In recent years, the inevitable biological aging process of MPs in natural environments has attracted researchers’ attention. Such biofilm-mediated MPs, colonized by microorganisms, affect the physicochemical behavior and potential ecological risks of MPs. Therefore, it is critical to understand the impact of MPs’ biofilm formation on the environmental fate and toxicity of MPs. This review presented a comprehensive discussion of the impact of biofilm formation on unique carrier effects and toxicological effects of MPs in aquatic environments. First, the biofilm formation process on MPs, the compositions of microorganisms in biofilm and the factors influencing biofilm formation were briefly summarized. Second, the sorption of pollutants and enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes onto biofilm-mediated MPs were discussed. Third, the potential effects of biofilm-mediated MPs on gut microbiota were analyzed. Finally, gaps in the field that require further investigations were put forward. This review emphasized that biofilm-mediated MPs have higher environmental risks and ecotoxicity, which is helpful in providing new insights for pollution prevention and control of new pollutant MPs.

中文翻译：

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生物膜介导的微塑料在水生环境中的物理化学行为和生态风险


水生环境中微塑料 （MP） 的普遍存在已成为环境污染的核心。近年来，MPS在自然环境中不可避免的生物衰老过程引起了研究人员的关注。这种生物膜介导的 MP 被微生物定植，影响 MP 的物理化学行为和潜在的生态风险。因此，了解 MP 生物膜形成对 MP 的环境归宿和毒性的影响至关重要。这篇综述全面讨论了生物膜形成对水生环境中 MP 的独特载体效应和毒理学效应的影响。首先，简要总结了 MPS 上的生物被膜形成过程、生物被膜中微生物的组成以及影响生物被膜形成的因素。其次，讨论了污染物的吸附和抗生素抗性基因对生物膜介导的 MP 的富集。第三，分析了生物膜介导的 MP 对肠道菌群的潜在影响。最后，提出了需要进一步调查的领域空白。本文强调生物膜介导的 MPS 具有较高的环境风险和生态毒性，有助于为新型污染 MP 的污染防控提供新的见解。