The green synthesis approach underscores the potential for sustainable and environmentally friendly methods in the development of advanced materials. In this study, we explore the synthesis and characterization of a series of ternary nanocomposites (NCs) such as CaO/Bi2O3/CuO (CBCO), CaO/Bi2O3/NiO (CBNO) and CaO/Bi2O3/B2O3 (CBBO) using an innovative Aloe vera-mediated solution combustion method. The Bragg reflections confirms the formation of NCs. The hkl planes matches well with the hexagonal CaO, monoclinic Bi2O3 and CuO, cubic NiO and tetragonal B2O3. The crystallite size calculated from Scherrer’s method for CBCO, CBNO and CBBO were found to be 44, 18 and 37 nm respectively. The surface morphology of CBCO NCs consists agglomerated flaky shaped NPs along with hollows. Irregular, triangular and hexagonal morphology were observed in CBNO NCs. The transparent plate-like structure arranged one above the other along with large hollow are observed in CBBO NCs. 3.07, 3.05, and 2.84 eV for CBCO, CBNO, and CBBO NCs respectively. Key shielding parameters, including mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), mean free path (λ), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), and energy buildup factor (EBF), were measured for CBCO, CBNO, and CBBO NCs. The results revealed that the CBCO NCs possess improved radiation shielding capabilities, suggesting their potential as effective materials for radiation protection applications.

中文翻译：

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芦荟介导的钙和氧化铋基纳米复合材料用于伽马辐射屏蔽应用


绿色合成方法强调了可持续和环保方法在先进材料开发中的潜力。在这项研究中，我们探索了一系列三元纳米复合材料 （NCs） 的合成和表征，例如 CaO/Bi2O3/CuO （CBCO）、CaO/Bi2O3/NiO （CBNO） 和 CaO/Bi2O3/B2O3 （CBBO），使用创新的芦荟介导的溶液燃烧方法。布拉格反射证实了 NC 的形成。hkl 平面与六方 CaO、单斜 Bi2O3 和 CuO、立方 NiO 和四方 B2O3 匹配良好。根据 Scherrer 方法计算的 CBCO、CBNO 和 CBBO 的晶粒尺寸分别为 44、18 和 37 nm。CBCO NCs 的表面形态由团聚的片状 NPs 和空洞组成。在 CBNO NCs 中观察到不规则、三角形和六边形形态。在 CBBO NC 中观察到一个上面排列的透明板状结构以及大空心。CBCO、CBNO 和 CBBO NC 分别为 3.07、3.05 和 2.84 eV。测量了 CBCO、CBNO 和 CBBO NC 的关键屏蔽参数，包括质量衰减系数 （μ/ρ）、半值层 （HVL）、第十值层 （TVL）、平均自由程 （λ）、辐射防护效率 （RPE） 和能量积累因子 （EBF）。结果表明，CBCO NCs 具有改进的辐射屏蔽能力，表明它们有可能成为辐射防护应用的有效材料。