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Medium-term effects of tillage, crop rotation and crop residue management practices on selected soil physical properties in the sub-humid region of Eastern Cape, South Africa
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106420
Cossy Shayne Nonxuba, Dimpho Elvis Elephant, Adornis Dakarai Nciizah, Alen Manyevere

The conservation agricultural effects on soil physical properties are not immediately visible and are variable but might be observed in medium to long-term studies. The objective of this study was to assess the medium-term (ten year) effect of conservation agricultural practices on selected soil physical properties in a sub-humid region of Eastern Cape, South Africa. The assessment was performed on a conservation agriculture (CA) field trial established in 2012, laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split split-plot treatment structure consisting of 16 treatment combinations replicated into 3 blocks. The main plots, sub plots and sub sub plots were allocated to tillage (no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)), crop rotations (maize-fallow-maize (MFM); maize-soybean-maize (MFS); maize-wheat-maize (MWM); maize-wheat-soybean (MWS)), and crop residue management practices (residue retention (R+) and residue removal (R-)), respectively. Soil samples were collected from 0 – 10, 10 – 20 and 20 – 30 cm depths in the 2023/24 cropping season. The results showed that tillage practices had a significantly greater impact on bulk density (BD), porosity (ϕ) and aggregate stability (AGS)/ stability index (SI) compared to crop rotations and residue management. Soybean rotation treatments: MFS and MWS had 3.42 % and 2.08 % lower BD values compared with MFM and MWM, respectively. This is likely due to the quick decomposition of soybean residues, indicating potential improvement in soil health and soil quality with legume inclusion in rotations. Additionally, R+ plots had 24.24 % higher gravimetric water content and 25.04 % higher volumetric water content than R- plots, due to the substantial amount of SOM returned by residue decomposition. There were no significant differences observed in Ks, which could be attributed to the nature of the particle size distribution, as water moves more easily on sandy soils. These medium-term results present continual benefits from proper implementation of CA in sustainable farming and resource conservation.

中文翻译:


耕作、作物轮作和作物残茬管理措施对南非东开普省半湿润地区选定土壤物理特性的中期影响



保护性农业对土壤物理特性的影响不是立即可见的,而且是可变的,但可能会在中长期研究中观察到。本研究的目的是评估保护性农业实践对南非东开普省半湿润地区选定土壤物理特性的中期(十年)影响。该评估是在 2012 年建立的保护性农业 (CA) 田间试验中进行的,采用随机完全区组设计 (RCBD) 布局,具有拆分分割区处理结构,由 16 个处理组合组成,复制到 3 个区组。主小区、小区和子小区分别分配给耕作(免耕 (NT) 和常规耕作 (CT))、作物轮作(玉米-休耕-玉米 (MFM);玉米-大豆-玉米 (MFS)、玉米-小麦-玉米 (MWM);玉米-小麦-大豆 (MWS))和作物残留物管理做法(残留物保留 (R+) 和残留物去除 (R-))。在 2023/24 种植季节,从 0 至 10、10 至 20 和 20 至 30 厘米深度收集土壤样品。结果表明,与作物轮作和残留物管理相比,耕作方法对堆积密度 (BD)、孔隙度 (φ) 和骨料稳定性 (AGS)/稳定性指数 (SI) 的影响明显更大。大豆轮作处理:与 MFM 和 MWM 相比,MFS 和 MWS 的 BD 值分别降低了 3.42 % 和 2.08 %。这可能是由于大豆残留物的快速分解,表明轮作豆科植物可能会改善土壤健康和土壤质量。此外,由于残留物分解返回了大量 SOM,R+ 样地的重量含水量比 R- 样地高 24.24%,体积含水量高 25.04%。 在 Ks 中没有观察到显著差异,这可能归因于粒度分布的性质,因为水在沙质土壤上更容易移动。这些中期结果表明,在可持续农业和资源保护中正确实施 CA 将带来持续的好处。
更新日期:2024-12-18
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