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N2O emissions from controlled-release and conventional N-fertilizers applied to red-yellow soil in Okinawa, Japan
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106376
W.B.M.A.C. Bandara, Kazuhito Sakai, Mitsumasa Anan, Shinya Nakamura, Hideki Setouchi, Kosuke Noborio, Takamitsu Kai, R.H.K. Rathnappriya

In Okinawa, Japan, controlled-release N fertilizers (CRFs) are promoted to reduce labor and to increase fertilizer use efficiency. However, N2O emissions from N fertilizer applied to the widely prevalent Kunigami mahji (red-yellow soil), a local soil in the region, have not been examined so far. We conducted two laboratory experiments during winter and spring to compare N2O emissions between CRF and standard fertilizer (ammonium sulfate: AS) in kunigami mahji. Two seasons were selected to explore the effects of moisture and temperature on N2O emissions in relation to N fertilization. For each experiment, three soil chambers were used, each containing 1.4 kg of soil: one served as a control, and the other two received 1 g of nitrogen from either a linear-release-type CRF with 42 % N or AS with 21 % N. Over 9 weeks, N₂O emissions from the headspace of each chamber were measured every minute for 20 min, followed by 70 min of ventilation, in a continuous 90-minute cycle repeated throughout the study. Soil moisture, soil temperature, NO, and NO3-N and NH4-N in leachate were also analyzed. In Exp A (winter), nitrification was dominant, and N2O emission from CRF (emission factor, EF, 0.4 %) was 88 % lower than that from AS (EF 3.9 %). In Exp B (spring), denitrification was dominant, and N2O emission from CRF (EF 1.9 %) was 53 % lower than that from AS (EF 4 %). The frequently lower water-filled pore space (WFPS) in Exp A than in Exp B facilitated higher NO emission from AS than from CRF. Due to the consistently high WFPS in Exp B, most of the NO3 in the soil was reduced to N2O and N2. N is more readily available in AS than in CRF, facilitating higher cumulative leaching of NH4-N from AS. However, in both experiments, AS was denitrified more than CRF, producing more N2O and resulting in lower leaching of NO3-N. Our results highlight that choosing the appropriate form of fertilizer and good management of soil moisture content can reduce N2O emissions and leaching of NO3 and NH4+.

中文翻译:


日本冲绳红黄土壤控释和常规氮肥的 N2O 排放



在日本冲绳,推广控释氮肥 (CRF) 以减少劳动力并提高肥料使用效率。然而,到目前为止,尚未检查施用该地区广泛流行的国头麻签(红黄土)的氮肥排放的 N2O。我们在冬季和春季进行了两次实验室实验,以比较 CRF 和标准肥料(硫酸铵:AS)在飓上麻将中的 N2O 排放。选择了两个季节来探讨水分和温度对与氮肥施肥相关的 N2O 排放的影响。对于每个实验,使用三个土壤室,每个土壤室包含 1.4 公斤土壤:一个作为对照,另外两个从含 42% N 的线性释放型 CRF 或含 21% N 的 AS 中接收 1 g 氮。在 9 周内,每分钟测量一次来自每个腔室顶部空间的 N₂O 排放量,持续 20 分钟,然后通气 70 分钟,在整个研究过程中以连续 90 分钟的周期重复。还分析了土壤水分、土壤温度、NO 以及渗滤液中的 NO3-N 和 NH4-N。在 Exp A(冬季),硝化作用占主导地位,CRF 的 N2O 排放(排放因子,EF,0.4 %)比 AS 的 N2O 排放(EF 3.9 %)低 88%。在 Exp B(春季)中,反硝化作用占主导地位,CRF 的 N2O 排放量 (EF 1.9 %) 比 AS 的 N2O 排放量 (EF 4 %) 低 53 %。Exp A 中的充水孔隙空间 (WFPS) 通常低于 Exp B,因此 AS 的 NO 排放高于 CRF。由于 Exp B 中持续较高的 WFPS,土壤中的大部分 NO3− 被还原为 N2O 和 N2。N 在 AS 中比在 CRF 中更容易获得,从而促进了 NH4-N 从 AS 中更高累积地浸出。 然而,在这两个实验中,AS 的反硝化程度高于 CRF,产生更多的 N2O 并导致 NO3-N 的浸出率较低。我们的结果强调,选择合适的肥料形式和良好的土壤含水量管理可以减少 N2O 排放和 NO3− 和 NH4+ 的浸出。
更新日期:2024-12-18
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