East Antarctica has experienced significant positive temperature anomalies during winter 2018, with Zhongshan (ZS) station recording its highest winter average temperature since 2008 and fourth highest since its establishment in 1989. This study employs observational data and ERA5 reanalysis to diagnose the phenomenon, revealing that temperature anomalies at 300 hPa are mainly driven by advection and adiabatic processes, which is the second highest recorded from 2000 to 2020. However, diabatic process are significantly important at 700 hPa, being the third highest during the period. The reduction in sea ice, combined with enhanced sinking motion and increased sea-air temperature difference, together contributes to the variations of diabatic heating. The increased precipitation, exceeding the historical average by 100% along the southwestern shore of Prydz Bay, further induces localized warming. The increased atmospheric pressure associated with the negative Southern Annular Mode phase is the primary cause influencing the advection, adiabatic, and diabatic processes.

中文翻译：

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2018 年冬季南极洲东部正气温距平研究


南极洲东部在 2018 年冬季经历了明显的正温度异常，中山 （ZS） 站记录了自 2008 年以来的最高冬季平均温度，也是自 1989 年成立以来的第四高。本研究采用观测数据和 ERA5 再分析来诊断这一现象，揭示了 300 hPa 的温度异常主要由平流和绝热过程驱动，这是 2000 年至 2020 年记录的第二高温度。然而，非绝热过程在 700 hPa 时非常重要，是该期间的第三高。海冰的减少，加上增强的下沉运动和增加的海气温差，共同导致了非绝热加热的变化。普里兹湾西南岸的降水增加，比历史平均水平高出 100%，进一步导致局部变暖。与负 Southern Annular 模态相相关的大气压力增加是影响平流、绝热和非绝热过程的主要原因。