The arrival of Ukrainian refugees in the European Union (EU) has reignited debates about the accessibility of labour markets, deskilling and underemployment. The Ukrainian case is especially significant because most refugees are highly skilled women and the implementation of the EU's temporary protection directive has provided them with immediate access to the EU's labour market. This paper examines the labour market access and deskilling of highly skilled Ukrainian women in the European Union. We compare two regions, Opole Voivodeship (Poland) and Upper Austria. Utilising a quantitative survey, we offer a comparative exploration of the drivers behind deskilling. This paper contributes to the growing literature on labour market access for female refugees, corroborating existing literature on ‘double’ and ‘triple disadvantage’ scenarios by highlighting deskilling processes and underemployment mechanisms in the context of instant labour market access. Moreover, it compares the diverse drivers of deskilling, ‘gender blindness’ in policy responses and the influence policymaking has on the allocation of migrant and refugee labour into sectors with shortages.

中文翻译：

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去技能化的驱动因素：比较奥地利和波兰的高技能乌克兰难民女性


乌克兰难民抵达欧盟 （EU） 重新点燃了关于劳动力市场可及性、去技能化和就业不足的辩论。乌克兰的案例尤为重要，因为大多数难民是高技能女性，欧盟临时保护指令的实施使她们能够立即进入欧盟的劳动力市场。本文研究了欧盟高技能乌克兰女性的劳动力市场准入和技能去技能化。我们比较了两个地区，奥波莱省（波兰）和上奥地利州。利用定量调查，我们对去技能背后的驱动因素进行了比较探索。本文为越来越多的关于女性难民进入劳动力市场的文献做出了贡献，通过强调即时劳动力市场准入背景下的去技能化过程和就业不足机制，证实了关于“双重”和“三重劣势”情景的现有文献。此外，它还比较了去技能化、政策应对中的“性别盲目”以及政策制定对移民和难民劳动力分配到短缺部门的影响。