Objectives Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) has an interest in primary Sjögren’s disease (pSD) for diagnosis, but the evolution of parenchymal lesions over time is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the severity of ultrasound abnormalities in relation to pSD duration from the time of buccal dryness onset. Methods In this cross-sectional international multicentre study, patients with pSD according to the 2002 or 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria were included. Parenchymal abnormalities were classified according to the semiquantitative score as defined by OMERACT. Patients were separated into 4 groups (Group A: < 5 years, Group B: 5–9 years, Group C: 10–20 years, and Group D: > 20 years from the onset of buccal dryness). The association between disease duration groups and SGUS lesions was quantified in terms of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 247 patients were consecutively included between May 2019 and February 2022. Eighty-nine percent of patients had a focus score ≥1/4 mm2, and 85% had positive anti-Ro/SSA. pSD duration was associated with a pathological OMERACT score (score 2 or 3): OR for 5-year duration: 1.23 [95% CI 1.04; 1.47], p= 0.0383). Considering each US item, the only statistical association with pSD duration was found regarding the presence of hyperechoic bands (25% or more): OR for five-year duration 1.18 [95% CI 1.03; 1.36], p= 0.038), independent of an older age. Conclusion pSD duration was associated with the presence of hyperechoic bands, but not with hypoechoic areas, suggesting a progressive fibro-adipose evolution.

中文翻译：

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超声唾液实质病变在病程较长的原发性干燥综合征患者中是否更严重？横断面研究


目的 唾液腺超声 （SGUS） 对原发性干燥综合征 （pSD） 的诊断感兴趣，但实质病变随时间的演变尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估从颊部干燥开始开始与 pSD 持续时间相关的超声异常的严重程度。方法 在这项横断面国际多中心研究中，纳入了根据 2002 年或 2016 年 ACR/EULAR 分类标准的 pSD 患者。根据 OMERACT 定义的半定量评分对实质异常进行分类。将患者分为 4 组 （A 组：< 5 岁，B 组：5-9 岁，C 组：10-20 岁，D 组：> 颊干发后 20 年）。疾病持续时间组与 SGUS 病变之间的关联根据比值比和 95% 置信区间进行量化。结果 2019 年 5 月至 2022 年 2 月期间共连续纳入 247 例患者。89% 的患者病灶评分为 ≥1/4 mm2,85% 的患者抗 Ro/SSA 阳性。pSD 持续时间与病理 OMERACT 评分（评分 2 或 3）相关：OR 5 年持续时间：1.23 [95% CI 1.04;1.47]，p= 0.0383）。考虑到每个 US 项目，发现与 pSD 持续时间的唯一统计关联是关于高回声带的存在（25% 或更多）：OR 持续五年 1.18 [95% CI 1.03;1.36]，p= 0.038），与年龄较大无关。结论 pSD 持续时间与高回声带的存在相关，但与低回声区域无关，表明纤维脂肪进化。