BackgroundMental health problems and traits capturing psychopathology are common and often begin during adolescence. Decades of twin studies indicate that genetic factors explain around 50% of individual differences in adolescent psychopathology. In recent years, significant advances, particularly in genomics, have moved this work towards more translational findings.MethodsThis review provides an overview of the past decade of genetically sensitive studies on adolescent development, covering both family and genomic studies in adolescents aged 10–24 years. We focus on five research themes: (1) co‐occurrence or comorbidity between psychopathologies, (2) stability and change over time, (3) intergenerational transmission, (4) gene–environment interplay, and (5) psychological treatment outcomes.ResultsFirst, research shows that much of the co‐occurrence of psychopathologies in adolescence is explained by genetic factors, with widespread pleiotropic influences on many traits. Second, stability in psychopathology across adolescence is largely explained by persistent genetic influences, whereas change is explained by emerging genetic and environmental influences. Third, contemporary twin‐family studies suggest that different co‐occurring genetic and environmental mechanisms may account for the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology, with some differences across psychopathologies. Fourth, genetic influences on adolescent psychopathology are correlated with a wide range of environmental exposures. However, the extent to which genetic factors interact with the environment remains unclear, as findings from both twin and genomic studies are inconsistent. Finally, a few studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in psychological treatment response, but these findings have not yet been replicated.ConclusionsGenetically sensitive research on adolescent psychopathology has progressed significantly in the past decade, with family and twin findings starting to be replicated at the genomic level. However, important gaps remain in the literature, and we conclude by providing suggestions of research questions that still need to be addressed.

中文翻译：

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研究综述：过去十年青少年心理健康的家庭和基因组研究综述


背景捕捉精神病理学的心理健康问题和特征很常见，通常始于青春期。数十年的双胞胎研究表明，遗传因素解释了青少年精神病理学中大约 50% 的个体差异。近年来，重大进展，尤其是基因组学方面的进步，使这项工作朝着更多的转化发现发展。方法本综述概述了过去十年关于青少年发育的遗传敏感研究，包括 10-24 岁青少年的家庭和基因组研究。我们专注于五个研究主题：（1） 精神病理学之间的共存或共病，（2） 随时间的稳定性和变化，（3） 代际传递，（4） 基因-环境相互作用，以及 （5） 心理治疗结果。结果首先，研究表明，青春期精神病理学的大部分同时发生是由遗传因素解释的，对许多特征具有广泛的多效性影响。其次，整个青春期精神病理学的稳定性主要是由持续的遗传影响解释的，而变化是由新出现的遗传和环境影响解释的。第三，当代双胞胎家庭研究表明，不同的同时发生的遗传和环境机制可能是精神病理学代际传播的原因，精神病理学之间存在一些差异。第四，遗传对青少年精神病理学的影响与广泛的环境暴露相关。然而，遗传因素与环境相互作用的程度仍不清楚，因为双胞胎和基因组研究的结果并不一致。 最后，一些研究表明，遗传因素可能在心理治疗反应中发挥作用，但这些发现尚未被复制。结论青少年精神病理学的遗传敏感研究在过去十年中取得了显着进展，家庭和双胞胎的发现开始在基因组水平上复制。然而，文献中仍然存在重要的空白，我们最后提供了仍需要解决的研究问题的建议。