ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of transalveolar sinus floor elevation (TSFE) with grafting in cases of severely atrophic maxilla.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of clinical and radiographic data was conducted. Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 105 implants were placed in 105 patients over a follow‐up period of 5–8 years. Implant failures and endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG) were assessed. Statistical models were established to investigate the potential influencing factors of implant survival and ESBG.ResultsSix patients with six implants were lost, resulting in cumulative survival rates of 94% for both patient‐ and implant‐based analyses. The 8‐year cumulative survival rate was significantly lower for residual bone height (RBH) < 4 mm (88%) compared to RBH 4–6 mm (98%). ESBG ≥ 4 mm and ESBG ≥ 6 mm were observed in 89.90% and 58.59% of implant sites, respectively. According to the log‐rank Mantel‐Cox analysis results, none of the factors examined were significantly related to implant failure, except for RBH (p = 0.038) at baseline. The linear mixed‐model regression results showed that the final ESBG was positively correlated with implant insertion site (p = 0.003), implant length (p < 0.001), sinus floor elevation (SFE) methods (p = 0.010), and RBH (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, it has been established that TSFE with grafting was a reliable method for implant placement in the posterior atrophic maxilla ridges with RBH ranging from 4 to 6 mm. Nevertheless, caution was advised when considering its application in cases where the initial bone height falls below 4 mm.

中文翻译：

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严重萎缩性上颌骨经牙槽窦底抬高术后鼻窦骨移植物稳定性和种植体存活率：一项随访 5-8 年的回顾性研究


目的评价经牙槽窦底提升术 （TSFE） 移植术在严重萎缩性上颌骨病例中的临床和影像学结果。材料和方法对临床和影像学数据进行回顾性分析。2015 年至 2018 年间，在 5-8 年的随访期内，共为 105 名患者植入了 105 个植入物。评估种植体失败和鼻窦内骨增益 （ESBG）。建立统计模型以研究种植体存活和 ESBG 的潜在影响因素。结果6 例患者有 6 个植入物丢失，导致基于患者和植入物的分析累积生存率为 94%。与 RBH 4-6 mm （98%） 相比，残余骨高度 （RBH） < 4 mm （88%） 的 8 年累积生存率显著降低。在 89.90% 和 58.59% 的种植体部位分别观察到 4 mm ≥ 4 mm 和 ESBG ≥ 6 mm。根据对数秩 Mantel-Cox 分析结果，除了基线时的 RBH （p = 0.038） 外，所检查的因素均与种植体失败无关。线性混合模型回归结果显示，最终 ESBG 与种植体插入部位 （p = 0.003）、种植体长度 （p < 0.001）、窦底抬高 （SFE） 方法 （p = 0.010） 和 RBH （p < 0.001） 呈正相关。结论在本研究的局限性内，已经确定移植 TSFE 是一种可靠的种植体植入 RBH 范围为 4 至 6 mm 的萎缩上颌骨后嵴的方法。尽管如此，在考虑在初始骨高度低于 4 mm 的情况下应用时，建议谨慎使用。