Global demand for animal protein has increased dramatically due to the exponential development of the human population, which in turn led to intensification of aquaculture. However, the aforementioned fact impose stress on cultivable organisms, resulting in susceptibility to infectious diseases. Alternatively, this situation warranted the search for an environmentally friendly approach to replace the application of various chemical, physical, and biological processes that fail to cope with the required standards. In this context, biofloc technology (BFT) has emerged as a viable technique for aquaculture management with a sustainable and environmentally benign approach that has proven to have no adverse effects. BFT provides a conducive environment for cultivable aquatic species and system sustainability. Also, by maintaining the C:N ratio, the microbiome of BFT offers an appropriate carbon source and recycles waste. As well, the addition of probiotics and prebiotics (polysaccharides) in BFT certainly improves the host's antioxidant status, innate immunity, and disease resistance. Numerous studies on the use of BFT for various aquatic farmed species have been carried out recently, and it has evolved as a promising technique for the growth of sustainable aquaculture. BFT uses less water, increases productivity, provides biosecurity, and improves the health status of numerous aquaculture species. This review aims to compile and validate the scientific data about the benefits of biofloc in ensuring the health, biosecurity, and sustainability of aquaculture in light of the transformative role of probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiomes.

中文翻译：

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益生元、益生菌和微生物组在可持续水产养殖的生物絮凝系统中的作用：全面回顾


由于人类人口的指数级发展，全球对动物蛋白的需求急剧增加，这反过来又导致了水产养殖的集约化。然而，上述事实对可培养生物体施加了压力，导致易患传染病。或者，这种情况需要寻找一种环保方法来取代无法满足所需标准的各种化学、物理和生物过程的应用。在此背景下，生物絮凝技术 （BFT） 已成为一种可行的水产养殖管理技术，其可持续且对环境无害的方法已被证明没有不利影响。BFT 为可养殖水生物种和系统可持续性提供了有利的环境。此外，通过保持 C：N 比率，BFT 的微生物组提供了适当的碳源并回收废物。同样，在 BFT 中添加益生菌和益生元（多糖）肯定会改善宿主的抗氧化状态、先天免疫力和抗病能力。最近对 BFT 用于各种水生养殖物种进行了大量研究，它已发展成为可持续水产养殖发展的一种有前途的技术。BFT 使用更少的水，提高生产力，提供生物安全，并改善许多水产养殖物种的健康状况。鉴于益生菌、益生元和微生物组的变革作用，本综述旨在汇编和验证有关生物絮凝物在确保水产养殖的健康、生物安全和可持续性方面的益处的科学数据。