Hydrogel‐based flexible electronic components have become the optimal solution to address the rigidity problem of traditional electronics in health management. In this study, a multipurpose hydrogel is introduced, which is formed by combining a dual‐network consisting of physical (chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) and chemical (poly(isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM)‐co‐acrylamide (AM))) cross‐linking, along with signal conversion fillers (eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), Ti3C2 MXene, polyaniline (PANI)) for responding to external stimuli. Multiple sensing of dynamic and static signals is permissible for it. The strain sensor based on the hydrogel exhibits up to a 1000% resistance change within a 400% stretch range, and significant capacitance variations are observed upon touch. The temperature sensor yields a sensitivity of ≈−2.9% °C−1 at 20–40 °C and ≈65% °C−1 at 0–20 °C. The pH sensor responds with a sensitivity of near −13.68 mV pH−1. A paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator can be assembled to collect action energy at 83 mW m−2. The skin contact interface is kept in good condition owing to its 3D‐printability, controllable antibacterial properties, along high cell survival rate. This multifunctional hydrogel holds promise in facilitating the integration of diagnosis and maintenance.

中文翻译：

---

基于三响应水凝胶的受皮肤启发、多功能和 3D 打印的柔性传感器，用于皮肤界面电子设备中的信号转换健康管理


基于水凝胶的柔性电子元件已成为解决传统电子产品在健康管理中刚性问题的最佳解决方案。在这项研究中，介绍了一种多用途水凝胶，它是通过结合由物理（壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇 （PVA））和化学（聚（异丙基丙烯酰胺 （NIPAM）-共丙烯酰胺 （AM）））交联）以及信号转换填料（共晶镓铟 （EGaIn）、Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene、聚苯胺 （PANI））组成的双网络形成的，用于响应外部刺激。它允许对动态和静态信号进行多重感应。基于水凝胶的应变传感器在 400% 拉伸范围内表现出高达 1000% 的电阻变化，并且在触摸时观察到显着的电容变化。温度传感器在 20–40 °C 时产生的灵敏度为 ≈−2.9% °C ⁻¹ ，在 0–20 °C 时产生 ≈65% °C ⁻¹ 的灵敏度。 pH 传感器的响应灵敏度接近 −13.68 mV pH ⁻¹ 。可以组装纸基摩擦纳米发电机以收集 83 mW m ⁻² 的动作能量。由于其 3D 打印性、可控的抗菌特性以及高细胞存活率，皮肤接触界面保持良好状态。这种多功能水凝胶有望促进诊断和维护的集成。