Earthquake-triggered landslides are a severe hazard and contribute to landscape evolution. To understand their process and controlling factors, we model the onset of seismically-triggered slip on pre-existing slip surfaces governed by laboratory-based rate-and-state friction, including wave propagation effects. Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we identify how friction properties, landslide thickness and incident wave attributes (frequency, duration, amplitude) control slope stability. We find that the frictional state variable tracks the cyclic fatigue of the slip surface, its progressive weakening with each wave cycle. Wave propagation effects introduce two regimes depending on frequency relative to the two-way travel time across the landslide thickness: the stability criterion is well approximated by a threshold on incident peak acceleration at low frequencies, and on peak velocity at high frequencies. We derive analytical approximations, validated by simulations, suitable to apply the model to evaluate landslide stability under arbitrary input motions.

中文翻译：

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在受速率和状态摩擦力控制的滑坡面上模拟地震引发的滑坡的发生


地震引发的山体滑坡是一种严重的危害，并有助于景观演变。为了了解它们的过程和控制因素，我们模拟了地震触发的滑移在预先存在的滑移表面上的发生，该滑移由基于实验室的速率和状态摩擦（包括波传播效应）控制。通过数值模拟和理论分析，我们确定了摩擦特性、滑坡厚度和入射波属性（频率、持续时间、振幅）如何控制边坡稳定性。我们发现摩擦状态变量跟踪滑移表面的循环疲劳，其随着每个波周期的逐渐减弱。波传播效应根据频率相对于滑坡厚度的双向传播时间引入了两种状态：稳定性准则由低频下的入射峰值加速度和高频时的峰值速度阈值很好地近似。我们得出了经过模拟验证的解析近似值，适合应用该模型来评估任意输入运动下的滑坡稳定性。