The impact of the nonbioaccessible fraction of two phenolic-rich extracts from Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) and Origanum majorana L. (marjoram) on the modulation of the human gut microbiota was investigated in vitro. Microbial metabolism of the phenolic compounds was also addressed. In general, phenolic acids or O-glycosidic flavones quickly disappeared, in contrast to methoxy- or C-glycosidic flavonoids. This colonic metabolism yielded phloroglucinol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main metabolites of the microbial catabolism of rosmarinic acid or caffeoylquinic acids, among others. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the most promising modulatory effect was related to the increase in Bifidobacterium spp., Collinsella spp., Romboutsia, and Akkermansia muciniphila for both plant extracts, along with Blautia spp. and Dialister for yarrow extract. This beneficial modulation was accompanied by the increase in butyric acid production, highlighting the potential prebiotic-like effect on the gut microbiota of these two previously unstudied edible plants.

中文翻译：

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来自 Achillea millefolium L. 和 Origanum majorana L. 的酚类化合物的肠道微生物群组成和微生物酚类分解代谢的调节。


在体外研究了来自 Achillea millefolium L. （蓍草） 和 Origanum majorana L. （马郁兰） 的两种富含酚类的提取物的不可生物可及部分对人体肠道菌群调节的影响。还讨论了酚类化合物的微生物代谢。一般来说，酚酸或 O-糖苷黄酮很快就消失了，与甲氧基或 C -糖苷类黄酮形成鲜明对比。这种结肠代谢产生间苯三酚、3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸、3-（4-羟基苯基）-丙酸和 4-羟基苯甲酸，作为迷迭香酸或咖啡酰奎宁酸等微生物分解代谢的主要代谢物。16S rRNA 基因测序显示，最有希望的调节作用与两种植物提取物的双歧杆菌属、柯林斯菌属、Romboutsia 和嗜粘蛋白阿克曼菌以及西洋蓍草提取物的 Blautia 属和 Dialister 的增加有关。这种有益的调节伴随着丁酸产量的增加，突出了对这两种以前未研究过的食用植物的肠道微生物群的潜在益生元样影响。