The synthesis of structurally precise materials that combine diverse building blocks will accelerate the development of artificial solids for electronics, energy, and medicine. Here, we utilize simulation to identify how organic molecules can self-assemble with 2D materials into periodic superlattices with alternating layers of molecules and 2D monolayers. We experimentally demonstrate the generalizability of this mechanism by applying it to 2D semiconductors and various organic molecules or polymers. The resulting superlattices have unique and well-defined lattice constants that depend on the dimensions of the organic species. We are able to design superlattices with a wide variety of molecules (photoresponsive, chelating, light-emitting moieties), suggesting that the self-assembly does not depend on any specific chemical interaction and yet can accommodate chemically diverse functional groups. We also observe that the 2D materials within the superlattices (MoS₂, WSe₂) remain quantum-confined, even though the superlattice retains excellent electrical conductivity. This introduction of a mechanism and its experimental realization yield a general design strategy for a large class of quantum-confined, molecule–2D hybrid materials.

中文翻译：

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半导体-分子超晶格的广义组装


结合不同构建块的结构精确材料的合成将加速用于电子、能源和医学的人造固体的发展。在这里，我们利用仿真来确定有机分子如何与 2D 材料自组装成具有交替分子层和 2D 单层的周期性超晶格。我们通过将其应用于 2D 半导体和各种有机分子或聚合物，通过实验证明了这种机制的普遍性。所得的超晶格具有独特且定义明确的晶格常数，这些常数取决于有机物质的尺寸。我们能够设计具有多种分子（光响应、螯合、发光部分）的超晶格，这表明自组装不依赖于任何特定的化学相互作用，但可以容纳化学上不同的官能团。我们还观察到，超晶格（MoS₂、WSe₂）内的 2D 材料保持量子限制，即使超晶格保持了优异的导电性。这种机制的引入及其实验实现为一大类量子限制分子-2D 混合材料产生了一种通用设计策略。