Searching for compact hierarchical triple system candidates in astrometric binaries and accelerated solutions,Astronomy & Astrophysics

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Searching for compact hierarchical triple system candidates in astrometric binaries and accelerated solutions
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-18 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452637
D. Bashi, A. Tokovinin

Context. Compact hierarchical triple (CHT) systems, where a tertiary component orbits an inner binary, provide critical insights into stellar formation and evolution. Despite their importance, the detection of such systems, especially compact ones, remains challenging due to the complexity of their orbital dynamics and the limitations of traditional observational methods.Aims. This study aims to identify new CHT star systems among Gaia astrometric binaries and accelerated solutions by analysing the radial velocity (RV) amplitude of these systems, thereby improving our understanding of stellar hierarchies.Methods. We selected a sample of bright astrometric binaries and accelerated solutions from the Gaia DR3 Non-Single Stars catalogue. The RV peak-to-peak amplitude was used as an estimator, and we applied a new method to detect potential triple systems by comparing the RV-based semi-amplitude with the astrometric semi-amplitude. We used available binary and triple star catalogues to identify and validate candidates, with a subset confirmed through further examination of the RV and astrometric data.Results. Our analysis resulted in the discovery of 956 CHT candidates among the orbital sources as well as another 3115 probable close binary sources in stars with accelerated solutions. Exploring the inclination, orbital period, and eccentricity of the outer companion in these CHT systems provides strong evidence of mutual orbit alignment, as well as a preference towards moderate outer eccentricities.Conclusions. Our novel approach has proven effective in identifying potential triple systems, thereby increasing their number in the catalogues. Our findings emphasise the importance of combined astrometric and RV data analysis in the study of multiple star systems.

中文翻译：

在 astrometric binaries 和加速解中搜索紧凑的分层三元组候选者

上下文。紧凑的分层三重（CHT）系统，其中三级分量围绕内部双星运行，为恒星的形成和演化提供了重要的见解。尽管它们很重要，但由于轨道动力学的复杂性和传统观测方法的局限性，探测此类系统，尤其是紧凑型系统，仍然具有挑战性。目标。本研究旨在通过分析这些系统的径向速度（RV）振幅，在 Gaia 天体测量双星和加速解中识别新的 CHT 星系统，从而提高我们对恒星层次结构的理解。方法。我们从 Gaia DR3 Non-Single Stars 目录中选择了明亮的天体测量双星和加速解的样本。使用 RV 峰峰值振幅作为估计器，我们应用了一种新方法，通过比较基于 RV 的半振幅和天体测量半振幅来检测潜在的三重系统。我们使用可用的二进制和三星星目录来识别和验证候选星表，通过进一步检查 RV 和天体测量数据来确认子集。结果。我们的分析结果在轨道源中发现了 956 个 CHT 候选源，并在具有加速解的恒星中发现了另外 3115 个可能的接近双星源。探索这些 CHT 系统中外伴星的倾角、轨道周期和偏心率提供了相互轨道对准的有力证据，以及对适度外偏心率的偏好。结论。事实证明，我们的新方法可以有效地识别潜在的三重系统，从而增加它们在目录中的数量。我们的研究结果强调了天体测量和 RV 数据分析在多星系统研究中的重要性。