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Characterisation of TOI-406 as a showcase of the THIRSTEE program
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-18 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452244 G. Lacedelli, E. Pallé, R. Luque, C. Cadieux, J. M. Akana Murphy, F. Murgas, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, H. M. Tabernero, K. A. Collins, C. N. Watkins, A. L’Heureux, R. Doyon, D. Jankowski, G. Nowak, É. Artigau, N. M. Batalha, J. L. Bean, F. Bouchy, M. Brady, B. L. Canto Martins, I. Carleo, M. Cointepas, D. M. Conti, N. J. Cook, I. J. M. Crossfield, J. I. González Hernández, P. Lewin, N. Nari, L. D. Nielsen, J. Orell-Miquel, L. Parc, R. P. Schwarz, G. Srdoc, V. Van Eylen
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-18 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452244 G. Lacedelli, E. Pallé, R. Luque, C. Cadieux, J. M. Akana Murphy, F. Murgas, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, H. M. Tabernero, K. A. Collins, C. N. Watkins, A. L’Heureux, R. Doyon, D. Jankowski, G. Nowak, É. Artigau, N. M. Batalha, J. L. Bean, F. Bouchy, M. Brady, B. L. Canto Martins, I. Carleo, M. Cointepas, D. M. Conti, N. J. Cook, I. J. M. Crossfield, J. I. González Hernández, P. Lewin, N. Nari, L. D. Nielsen, J. Orell-Miquel, L. Parc, R. P. Schwarz, G. Srdoc, V. Van Eylen
Context. The exoplanet sub-Neptune population currently poses a conundrum, as to whether small-size planets are volatile-rich cores without an atmosphere, or rocky cores surrounded by a H-He envelope. To test the different hypotheses from an observational point of view, a large sample of small-size planets with precise mass and radius measurements is the first necessary step. On top of that, much more information will likely be needed, including atmospheric characterisation and a demographic perspective on their bulk properties.Aims. We present here the concept and strategy of the THIRSTEE project, which aims to shed light on the composition of the sub-Neptune population across stellar types by increasing their number and improving the accuracy of bulk density measurements, as well as investigating their atmospheres and performing statistical, demographic analysis. We report the first results of the program, characterising a new two-planet system around the M-dwarf TOI-406.Methods. We analysed TESS and ground-based photometry together with high-precision ESPRESSO and NIRPS/HARPS radial velocities to derive the orbital parameters and investigate the internal composition of the two planets orbiting TOI-406.Results. TOI-406 hosts two planets with radii and masses of Rc = 1.32 ± 0.12 R⊕, Mc = 2.08−0.22+0.23 M⊕ and Rb = 2.08−0.15+0.16 R⊕, Mb = 6.57−0.90+1.00 M⊕, orbiting with periods of 3.3 and 13.2 days, respectively. The inner planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition, while the external one is compatible with multiple internal composition models, including volatile-rich planets without H/He atmospheres. The two planets are located in two distinct regions in the mass-density diagram, supporting the existence of a density gap among small exoplanets around M dwarfs. With an equilibrium temperature of only Teq = 368 K, TOI-406 b stands up as a particularly interesting target for atmospheric characterisation with JWST in the low-temperature regime.
中文翻译：
TOI-406 作为 THIRSTEE 计划的展示
上下文。系外行星亚海王星种群目前提出了一个难题，即小行星是没有大气层的富含挥发物的核心，还是被 H-He 包络包围的岩石核心。为了从观测的角度检验不同的假设，具有精确质量和半径测量值的小尺寸行星的大样本是必要的第一步。最重要的是，可能需要更多信息，包括大气特征和对其大宗特性的人口统计学观点。目标。我们在这里介绍了 THIRSTEE 项目的概念和策略，该项目旨在通过增加恒星类型的数量和提高堆积密度测量的准确性，以及调查它们的大气层和进行统计、人口统计分析，来阐明不同恒星类型的亚海王星种群的组成。我们报告了该计划的初步结果，描述了围绕 M 矮星 TOI-406 的新双行星系统的特征。方法。我们分析了 TESS 和地基光度法以及高精度 ESPRESSO 和 NIRPS/HARPS 径向速度，以推导出轨道参数并研究围绕 TOI-406 运行的两颗行星的内部组成。结果。TOI-406 拥有两颗半径和质量为 R c = 1.32 ± 0.12 R⊕, Mc = 2.08−0.22+0.23 M⊕ and Rb = 2.08−0.15+0.16 R⊕, Mb = 6.57−0.90+1.00 M⊕, orbiting with periods of 3.3 and 13.2 days, respectively. The inner planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition, while the external one is compatible with multiple internal composition models, including volatile-rich planets without H/He atmospheres. The two planets are located in two distinct regions in the mass-density diagram, supporting the existence of a density gap among small exoplanets around M dwarfs. With an equilibrium temperature of only Teq = 368 K, TOI-406 b stands up as a particularly interesting target for atmospheric characterisation with JWST in the low-temperature regime. 的行星
更新日期：2024-12-19
中文翻译：
TOI-406 作为 THIRSTEE 计划的展示
上下文。系外行星亚海王星种群目前提出了一个难题，即小行星是没有大气层的富含挥发物的核心，还是被 H-He 包络包围的岩石核心。为了从观测的角度检验不同的假设，具有精确质量和半径测量值的小尺寸行星的大样本是必要的第一步。最重要的是，可能需要更多信息，包括大气特征和对其大宗特性的人口统计学观点。目标。我们在这里介绍了 THIRSTEE 项目的概念和策略，该项目旨在通过增加恒星类型的数量和提高堆积密度测量的准确性，以及调查它们的大气层和进行统计、人口统计分析，来阐明不同恒星类型的亚海王星种群的组成。我们报告了该计划的初步结果，描述了围绕 M 矮星 TOI-406 的新双行星系统的特征。方法。我们分析了 TESS 和地基光度法以及高精度 ESPRESSO 和 NIRPS/HARPS 径向速度，以推导出轨道参数并研究围绕 TOI-406 运行的两颗行星的内部组成。结果。TOI-406 拥有两颗半径和质量为 R c = 1.32 ± 0.12 R⊕, Mc = 2.08−0.22+0.23 M⊕ and Rb = 2.08−0.15+0.16 R⊕, Mb = 6.57−0.90+1.00 M⊕, orbiting with periods of 3.3 and 13.2 days, respectively. The inner planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition, while the external one is compatible with multiple internal composition models, including volatile-rich planets without H/He atmospheres. The two planets are located in two distinct regions in the mass-density diagram, supporting the existence of a density gap among small exoplanets around M dwarfs. With an equilibrium temperature of only Teq = 368 K, TOI-406 b stands up as a particularly interesting target for atmospheric characterisation with JWST in the low-temperature regime. 的行星
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