Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a well-known inflammatory signaling molecule, while lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles closely related to inflammation. Using organic small-molecule fluorescence imaging technology to target LDs for precise monitoring of HClO is one of the most effective methods for diagnosing inflammation-related diseases. A thorough investigation of how probes detect biological markers and the influencing factors can aid in the design of probe molecules, the selection of high-performance tools, and the accuracy of disease detection. To this end, three fluorescent probes (TPA-B, TPA-BF and TPA-SF) based on triphenylamine (TPA) containing C=N double bonds as potential reaction sites were prepared by condensing triphenylamine thiophene aldehyde (TPA-CHO) with a series of aromatic hydrazides (ArCONHNH₂). Their performance in ratiometric detecting HClO by targeting LDs had been systematically studied. The results showed that the Ar- structure in ArCONHNH₂ can not only effectively regulate the sensing performance to HClO, but also led to different oxidation products. The key reason for this was the electron cloud density around the C=N bond. Furthermore, the selected probe TPA-B, which demonstrated the best spectral performance, was proficiently utilized for the detection of HClO in cells and zebrafish, as well as the detection of HClO in inflammatory diseases. This study compared the oxidation products of C=N bonds by HClO and analyzed the key influencing factors. By integrating spectroscopic and imaging experiments, high-performance diagnostic agents (TPA-B) for inflammation were identified. The approach provided valuable insights into the design of multifunctional probes and opened new pathways for the diagnosis of inflammation-related diseases.

中文翻译：

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靶向LDs比率荧光探针用于HClO检测的制备、机制及生物学应用


次氯酸 （HClO） 是一种众所周知的炎症信号分子，而脂滴 （LDs） 是与炎症密切相关的动态细胞器。利用有机小分子荧光成像技术靶向 LDs 精确监测 HClO 是诊断炎症相关疾病的最有效方法之一。对探针如何检测生物标志物和影响因素的彻底研究有助于探针分子的设计、高性能工具的选择以及疾病检测的准确性。为此，通过将三苯胺噻吩醛 （TPA-CHO） 与一系列芳香族酰肼 （ArCONHNH ₂ ） 缩合，制备了三种基于含有 C=N 双键的三苯胺 （TPA） 作为潜在反应位点的荧光探针 （TPA-B、TPA-BF 和 TPA-SF）。系统研究了它们通过靶向 LD 进行比率检测 HClO 的性能。结果表明，ArCONHNH ₂ 中的 Ar- 结构不仅可以有效调节对 HClO 的传感性能，还可以导致不同的氧化产物。造成这种情况的关键原因是 C=N 键周围的电子云密度。此外，所选探针 TPA-B 表现出最佳的光谱性能，被熟练用于细胞和斑马鱼中 HClO 的检测，以及炎症性疾病中 HClO 的检测。本研究比较了 HClO 对 C=N 键的氧化产物，并分析了关键影响因素。通过整合光谱和成像实验，确定了用于炎症的高性能诊断剂 （TPA-B）。 该方法为多功能探针的设计提供了有价值的见解，并为炎症相关疾病的诊断开辟了新的途径。