Grape seed anthocyanins (GSA) offer health benefits and protect against diseases, including colitis. Its unpleasant smell and instability prevent widespread application. Antisolvent pretreatment GSA was encapsulated in chitosan-phytic acid 3D gel network. SEM and X-ray diffraction results demonstrate that pretreatment reduces GSA particle size and exhibits amorphous structure. FTIR confirmed they were physically encapsulated and not covalently bound. Its subsequent simulations digestion and fermentation showed only 26.69 % upper digestive tract leakage and altered gut microbiota and metabolites profile. In DSS-induced colitis model, it ameliorated the symptoms, including diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, and DAI score. Additionally, it regulates colitis mice pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modifies cecum and colon SCFA profile, improves intestinal barrier, and restores colonic cell redox equilibrium. Collectively, GSA ameliorates experimental colitis via inhibiting TRL4/NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we propose our GSA capsule can effectively deliver an intact parent form of GSA to the colon and has the potential to be a colonic health strategy.

中文翻译：

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用封装的葡萄籽花青素增强结肠健康：用于结肠靶向递送的口服胶囊


葡萄籽花青素 （GSA） 对健康有益，可预防包括结肠炎在内的疾病。它的难闻气味和不稳定性阻碍了广泛应用。将抗溶剂预处理 GSA 封装在壳聚糖-植酸 3D 凝胶网络中。SEM 和 X 射线衍射结果表明，预处理减小了 GSA 颗粒尺寸并表现出无定形结构。FTIR 证实它们是物理封装的，而不是共价结合的。其随后的模拟消化和发酵显示只有 26.69% 的上消化道渗漏和肠道微生物群和代谢物谱的改变。在 DSS 诱导的结肠炎模型中，它改善了腹泻、血便、体重减轻和 DAI 评分等症状。此外，它还调节结肠炎小鼠的促炎和抗炎细胞因子，改变盲肠和结肠 SCFA 谱，改善肠道屏障，并恢复结肠细胞氧化还原平衡。总的来说，GSA 通过抑制 TRL4/NF-κB 和激活 Nrf2 信号通路来改善实验性结肠炎。总之，我们建议我们的 GSA 胶囊可以有效地将 GSA 的完整母体形式输送到结肠，并有可能成为一种结肠健康策略。