Osteoporosis is an age-related bone metabolic disease. As an essential endocrine organ, the skeletal system is intricately connected with extraosseous organs. The crosstalk between bones and other organs supports this view. In recent years, the link between the gut microecology and bone metabolism has become an important research topic, both in preclinical studies and in clinical trials. Many studies have shown that skeletal changes are accompanied by changes in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota (GM). At the same time, natural or artificial interventions targeting the GM can subsequently affect bone metabolism. Moreover, microbiome-related metabolites may have important effects on bone metabolism. We aim to review the relationships among the GM, microbial metabolites, and bone metabolism and to summarize the potential mechanisms involved and the theory of the gut‒bone axis. We also describe existing bottlenecks in laboratory studies, as well as existing challenges in clinical settings, and propose possible future research directions.

中文翻译：

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骨质疏松症的肠道微生物群和微生物代谢物。


骨质疏松症是一种与年龄相关的骨代谢疾病。作为重要的内分泌器官，骨骼系统与骨外器官有着错综复杂的联系。骨骼和其他器官之间的串扰支持这一观点。近年来，肠道微生态学与骨代谢之间的联系已成为临床前研究和临床试验中的重要研究课题。许多研究表明，骨骼变化伴随着肠道微生物群 （GM） 的组成和结构的变化。同时，针对 GM 的自然或人工干预随后会影响骨骼代谢。此外，微生物组相关代谢物可能对骨代谢有重要影响。我们旨在回顾 GM、微生物代谢物和骨代谢之间的关系，并总结所涉及的潜在机制和肠道骨轴理论。我们还描述了实验室研究中存在的瓶颈，以及临床环境中存在的挑战，并提出了未来可能的研究方向。