Rapid and precise cancer subtype discrimination is essential for personalized oncology. Conventional diagnostic methods often lack sufficient accuracy and speed. Here, we introduce a multichannel fluorescence-encoded nanosystem based on erythrocyte-coated polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA@EM), functionalized with multiple resurfaced fluorescent proteins. The fluorescence of these proteins is initially quenched by PDA@EM and restored upon cell addition. This multichannel fluorescence-encoded nanosystem enables highly sensitive “turn-on” fluorescence profiling of cancer cells within 30 min, achieving 100% accuracy in distinguishing various proteins and classifying a wide range of cancer cell lines, including subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Notably, it offers rapid, label-free diagnostics of OSCC malignancy from clinical samples postsurgery. This capability was validated through histopathological and proteomic analyses, which identified protein signatures associated with tumor progression and immune suppression. Overall, our multichannel nanosensor represents an advanced molecular diagnostics platform, paving the way for personalized cancer treatment in clinical oncology.

中文翻译：

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红细胞包被的纳米颗粒上的功能化多通道荧光编码纳米系统用于精确癌症亚型鉴别


快速、精确的癌症亚型鉴别对于个性化肿瘤学至关重要。传统的诊断方法通常缺乏足够的准确性和速度。在这里，我们介绍了一种基于红细胞包被的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒 （PDA@EM） 的多通道荧光编码纳米系统，该系统用多种重表面荧光蛋白功能化。这些蛋白质的荧光最初被 PDA@EM 淬灭，并在细胞添加时恢复。这种多通道荧光编码纳米系统可在 30 分钟内对癌细胞进行高灵敏度的“开启”荧光分析，在区分各种蛋白质和对多种癌细胞系进行分类方面达到 100% 的准确性，包括口腔鳞状细胞癌 （OSCC） 的亚型。值得注意的是，它可从术后临床样本中对 OSCC 恶性肿瘤进行快速、无标记的诊断。这种能力通过组织病理学和蛋白质组学分析得到了验证，这些分析确定了与肿瘤进展和免疫抑制相关的蛋白质特征。总体而言，我们的多通道纳米传感器代表了一种先进的分子诊断平台，为临床肿瘤学中的个性化癌症治疗铺平了道路。