SummaryDroughts of increasing severity and frequency are a primary cause of forest mortality associated with climate change. Yet, fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the complex physiology of trees limit the development of more effective management strategies to mitigate drought effects on forests. Here, we highlight some of the basic research needed to better understand tree drought physiology and how new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches can be used to address them. Our discussion focuses on how trees change wood development to mitigate water stress, hormonal responses to drought, genetic variation underlying adaptive drought phenotypes, how trees ‘remember’ prior stress exposure, and how symbiotic soil microbes affect drought response. Next, we identify opportunities for using research findings to enhance or develop new strategies for managing drought effects on forests, ranging from matching genotypes to environments, to enhancing seedling resilience through nursery treatments, to landscape‐scale monitoring and predictions. We conclude with a discussion of the need for co‐producing research with land managers and extending research to forests in critical ecological regions beyond the temperate zone.

中文翻译：

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树木干旱生理学：减轻气候变化对森林影响的关键研究问题和策略


摘要日益严重和频繁的干旱是与气候变化相关的森林死亡的主要原因。然而，关于树木复杂生理学的基本知识差距限制了制定更有效的管理策略来减轻干旱对森林的影响。在这里，我们重点介绍了更好地了解树木干旱生理学所需的一些基础研究，以及如何使用新技术和跨学科方法来解决这些问题。我们的讨论侧重于树木如何改变木材发育以减轻水分压力、荷尔蒙对干旱的反应、适应性干旱表型的遗传变异、树木如何“记住”先前的胁迫暴露，以及共生土壤微生物如何影响干旱反应。接下来，我们确定了利用研究结果来增强或开发管理干旱对森林影响的新策略的机会，范围从将基因型与环境相匹配，到通过苗圃处理增强幼苗的恢复力，再到景观规模的监测和预测。最后，我们讨论了与土地管理者共同进行研究的必要性，并将研究扩展到温带以外关键生态区域的森林。